ODONATE COMMUNITIES （ODONATA： INSECTA） IN A TROPICAL RIVER BASIN, MALAYSIA

Odonata larvae were sampled from 16 tributaries of Kerian River in the Kerian River Basin (KRB) using a kick samphng technique from September 1998 to May 1999 encompassing both rainy and dry seasons. The distribution of odonate genera was significantly different ( F15.16 = 3.99) among rivers in both seasons ( F15.16 = 4.70) at P = 0.05. However, no seasonal influence was detected. Protoneuridae and Libellulidae were the most dominant families in this basin. Other families Gomphidae, Coenagrionidae, Macromiidae, Chlorocyphidae and Calopterygidae, were common but Aeshnidae and Eupheidae were rare. Several common species, Prodasineura autumnalis, Brachythemis contaminata, Macromia gerstaeckeri, Paragomphus, Orthetrum brunneum, Rhinocypha quadrimaculata and Copera marginipes were identified. The calculated values of biological indices ( H‘, D, E, R1 and R2) showed that the dragonfly fauna in this river basin was slightly poor. Varied physieo- chemical parameters of the river possibly as a result of human activities in surrounding areas were found to influence the distribution of the dragonfly larvae in the KRB. This study showed that the KRB provided favorable habitats for Protoneuridae and 1Libellulidae. Two most dominant species Prodasineura autumnalis and Brachythemis contaminata were obviously favoured slightly acidic water of the Kerian river tributaries.     

Plasticity‐fibre model for steel triangular plate energy dissipating devices

Properly fabricated triangular‐plate added damping and stiffness (TADAS) devices can sustain a large number of yield reversals without strength degradation, thereby dissipating a significant amount of earthquake‐induced energy. A pronounced isotropic‐hardening effect is recognized in the force‐deformation relationships of the TADAS devices made from two grades of low yield strength steel. The proposed plasticity‐fibre model employing two surfaces (a yield surface and a bounding surface) in plasticity theory accurately predicts the experimental responses of the TADAS devices. This model is also implemented into a computer program DRAIN2D+ to investigate a frame response with the TADAS devices. Substructure pseudo‐dynamic tests and analytical studies of a two‐storey steel frame constructed with the low yield strength steel, LYP‐100 or LYP‐235 grade, TADAS devices confirm that the dynamic structural response can only be predicted if the proposed plasticity‐fibre model is used for LYP‐100 steel TADAS device. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于发展我国地下流体前兆流动观测问题的建议

介绍了地下流体前兆流动观测及其目的与意义、国内外地下流体前兆流动观测的历史与现状、我国目前存在的主要问题；针对现状与问题，提出了建议我国地下流体前兆流动观测系统的建议，其中包括指导思想、发展目标、观测网的类型与布设、观测点的建议、观测项目与观测仪器的选择、观测工作的组织与实施、观测数据的产出与共享等科学与技术问题。     

大同－阳高地震前静乐井水位记震能力的异常及其意义

本文系统分析了大同６．１级地震前静乐井水位记震能力增强的异常现象，并依此为基础结合国内有关资料，初步提出了利用井水位记震能力的异常变化进行中期强震危险性判断的方法，讨论了建立这种方法的科学依据。     

分县逐日滚动MOS预报模式研制及其应用

本文介绍了江苏分县逐日滚动1－5天时效的MOS预报的研制，包括降水的概率MOS法和量级MOS法，预报量设置、季节分型和样本选择，因子的构造及其加工，概率统计模型的选择及其因子预选、筛选。最后介绍了MOS工具在省台MICAPS平台上的业务应用及其效果。     

地下水动态映震机制的试验与观测研究

本文根据一系列室内外试验与观测研究结果,论述了震前地下水位动态异常信息形成的四个基本环节:①地壳应力活动与含水层应力状态的变化,②含水层变形破坏与孔隙压力的变化;③孔压变化信息在井—含水层系统中的传递;④孔压变化信息在井孔地下水动态中的表现。在此基础上,提出了地下水动态映震特性的若干观点。     

福建汤坑群井的水位固体潮与水震波特征

汤坑群井由7口地震地下水动态观测井组成,彼此相距不过几百米。近两年的观测结果表明,这些井都能记录地球固体潮,大部分能记录地震波,但各自的显示特征不同。本文以各井孔的地质-水文地质背景条件与井孔结构特征为基础,对比分析了群井的水位固体潮与水震波特征     

鲤鱼神经垂体的超微结构研究

经电子显微镜观察，提出鲤鱼（Ｃｙｐｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）神经垂体（ｎｅｕｒｏｈｙｐｏｐｈｙｓｉｓ）由有髓神经分泌纤维和三种无髓神经分泌纤维（Ａ．Ｂ．Ｃ）以及垂体细胞和毛细血管组成。神经分泌纤维与垂体细胞之间存在着突触联系，神经分泌纤维之间只有细胞间连接（桥粒）。在神经垂体组织中还存在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种结构与功能不同的垂体细胞，另外在血管间道内观察到了很少见的特殊空泡结构     

Vertical distribution and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic sediment cores of Chini Lake, Malaysia: Perylene as indicator of land plant-derived hydrocarbons

Four anoxic sediment cores were collected from Chini Lake, Malaysia in order to investigate the variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and perylene concentrations. The study also determined significant differences of perylene concentrations in different sediment layers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 248 to 8098 ng g⁻¹ in the samples. Diagnostic PAH ratios such as methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene (MP/P), phenanthrene/anthracene (P/A) and fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) (Fl/(Fl + Py) revealed a dominance of pyrogenic influences and partial petrogenic inputs to the top sediment layers. Perylene concentrations were high in the top layers (<12 cm) and increased with increasing depth. There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.705, p = 0.01) between perylene concentrations and TOC. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in TOC-normalized perylene concentrations between the upper (<12 cm) and bottom layers (>12 cm). The average perylene concentrations accounted for 26–50% (0–12 cm) and 50–77% (12–36 cm) of pentacyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon isomers (PAI) present whereas it made up 10–34% (0–12 cm) and 46–66% (12–36 cm) of the total PAH. The average pyrene concentrations decreased with increasing depth and accounted for 62% (0–3 cm), 20–23% (3–12 cm) and 3–1.4% (12–36 cm) of perylene present. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on these ratios suggested different input sources for the top and bottom layers. It is concluded that the activity of termites on woody plants produced perylene which is supplied to the lake by run-off from the heavy and frequent rains in this Asian tropical climate. In addition, there was also in situ formation of perylene in the bottom layers due to diagenetic processes.