地震地下流体物理化学动态形成的基础理论问题

本文以８０年代国内外学者在地下流体的流体动力学、热动力学与化学动力学领域的探索中所取得的理论成果为基础，针对地震地下流体的压力、温度与化学组分动态观测与研究现状，从理论上阐述了地下流体物理化学各项动态形成的机制及其内在联系，以促进我国地震地下流体动态的基础理论研究。     

唐山及大同－阳高地震大地形变与重力前兆综合研究

本大概还了近年来利用大地形变及重力复测资料研究唐山及大同－阳高地震的丰富成果，对这２次地震震前大地形变及重力前兆综合研究认为：震中区震前呈现闭锁状态；断层蠕滑及深部物质的运移，是震前的显著标志；地震成因的组合模式可以较好地解释唐山及大同一阳高地震的机制；跟踪监测形变场、重力场及断层活动时空演化特性，是利用大地形变及重力测量手段进行地震预测的基本出发点。     

水位波动信息在含水层中传播特性的实验研究

本文通过一系列水动力学模型实验，探讨了水位波动信息在含水层中传播的特性。实验结果表明，水位波动信息在含水层中传播时发生幅度衰减、时间滞后乃至形态变异等复杂现象，其特征同含水介质的类型、波动信息的频率与传播距离等有关。这样的结果，对地下水位映震条件、映震特征与映震机制的深入研究，提供了有益的启示。     

首都圈地区前兆台址地质条件对其映震能力影响的统计分析

本文系统收集了首都圈地区38个形变类观测台、29个地下水类观测井与15个电磁类观测台的地质—水文地质条件,并根据1976—1989年间5个中强地震前的58个台项的异常,逐项统计分析了台址地质—水文地质条件对其映震能力的影响。得到的认识是,影响地形变类台站映震能力的主要地质条件是构造单元、邻近断裂的走向、距离、活动时代与台基地层岩性;影响地下水类观测井映震能力的主要条件是构造单元、邻近断裂的走向、距离、部位、井深、含水层的地层岩性与地下水类型;影响地电磁类台站映震能力的主要条件是构造单元、新生界盖层的结构与厚度、表土岩性、基底岩性与壳内高导层顶面埋深等。     

渤南油田深井压裂试验的地下水动态观测与初步研究

在一口石油深井的压裂试验过程中,观测了井孔地下水压力、流量与温度动态的反映,结果表明同层地下水动态反映明显,流量的反映幅度大于压力,由此提出在地下水动态反映含水层应力应变的机理中,水动力学过程的重要性;水动力学机理中两种信息传递方式及流体介质传递方式的重要性;对同一个应力应变过程流量的反映更优于压力的反映等观点     

Elemental concentrations and their size distributions of Beijing aerosol in January

Aerosol sampling was carried out at a city centre site and a suburb site in Beijing in January 1983. PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) compatible cascade impactors were employed. The samples were analysed for 20 elements by PIXE in Fudan University. It has been found that most of the elements have bi-mode size distributions with a gradual progression from mainly coarse mode Ca, Ti and Al to mainly fine mode Zn, As and Pb. Elements Cl, K, S and Si show most obvious bi-mode, of which Si and S are particularly interesting. The concentrations of coarse mode aerosol in the city centre are about 1.4 times as large as that in the suburb for most of the elements, while the concentrations of fine mode aerosol in the city centre differ greatly from that in the suburb and vary significantly among elements, indicating some industrial sources. The enrichment factors of elements indicate that the coal smoke has a large-scale influ-ence in North China.     

Rapid changes to glaciers increased the outburst flood risk in Guangxieco Proglacial Lake in the Kangri Karpo Mountains,Southeast Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Natural Hazards - The Kangri Karpo Mountain Range on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau frequently experiences glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). This study assessed the risk of outburst floods for...     

Characteristics and failure mechanism of landslides along highways triggered by 2021 Ms6.4 Yangbi earthquake

On May 21, 2021, at 21:48, the Ms6.4 Yangbi earthquake struck Dali prefecture, Yunnan province, China; the maximum PGA reached 714.78 gal, causing 37 casualties and infrastructures damage. A field investigation demonstrated that seismic landslides were concentrated along the G56 Hangrui and Dayangyun highways, classified as local rock falls and shear slides. The shear slides were more severe than the local rock falls and were located along the Dayangyun highway, which was still under construction when the earthquake occurred, severely impacting following engineering activities. Typical shear slides caused by the earthquake were selected for detailed investigations; electrical resistivity topography (ERT) was conducted to study the failure mechanism. The ERT results indicated that the sliding surface was located at the interface between the overburden layer and the underlying rock stratum. The slope failures along the Dayangyun highway were characterized by several tensile cracks on the rear edge, a relatively short displacement, and an accumulation at the toe of the excavated slope where reinforcement measures had not yet been completed. The combined effect of engineering activities and a geological structure provided favorable conditions for slope failure. In addition, seismic motion triggered the landslides; however, engineering activity was a specific and significant factor contributing to the shear slides during the Yangbi earthquake. Excavation and incomplete construction reduced the stability of the overburden soil layer. Although the scale of the seismic landslides in the Yangbi earthquake was generally small, the coming rainy season after the earthquake may contribute for sliding again.

     

长江三角洲区域开放开发政策的内涵与演变

以改革开放以来长江三角洲实施的区域开放开发政策为样本,将开放开发政策分为宏观开放开发政策、经济特区与综合配套改革试验区政策、开发区政策3个能级,从政策内容、工具、作用强度3个维度分析了区域开放开发政策演变的过程。长江三角洲国家级/省级宏观区域开放开发政策的目标从对外开放转为综合开发,对外开放在空间演化上呈从点到面、从沿海到内地、从中心城区到农村的梯度开放特征,政策工具从财税政策和行政控制转为发展社会资本与改善发展环境,前期的财税优惠政策和开放政策逐渐削弱甚至消亡,一些区域规划上升为国家战略而得到增强。上海浦东经历了从经济特区向综合配套改革试验区的转变,政策工具从优惠政策转向全方位的优先探试权。开发区政策集中在经济领域,省级开发区政策效应较国家级开发区弱,不同开发区间的政策逐渐趋同,强度在不断弱化。     

Natural uranium and thorium isotopes in sediment cores off Malaysian ports

Ocean Science Journal - Sediment cores collected from three Malaysian marine ports, namely, Kota Kinabalu, Labuan and Klang were analyzed to determine the radioactivities of 234U, 238U, 230Th,...