国家自然科学基金地理学科申请代码的历史沿革与发展

国家自然科学基金的学科申请代码是形成合理基础研究资助格局、促进学科均衡发展、鼓励学科交叉和发展新兴方向的指南。本文系统梳理了自1986年国家自然科学基金委员会创建至今,地理学科申请代码体系的历史沿革,重点对新时期地理学科申请代码体系在水、土、生态系服务、环境和人地关系演变等方向的布设特点,以及对未来学科基础研究资助格局的影响进行了分析和展望。     

Planning Beijing: socialist city,transitional city,and global city

Cities are centers of economic, social, and political change, and urban planning is a process responding to and guiding urban change and development. In the Maoist era and under the influence of socialist ideology, China limited urbanization while promoting industrialization, and urban planning served as an instrument for socialist construction. Since the reform of the late 1970s, Chinese cities have experienced unprecedented growth and restructuring. However, the gradualist, exploratory reform—exemplified by Deng Xiaoping’s slogan “crossing the river by feeling the stones”—makes Chinese cities constantly change without clear directions for future development. This paper uses Beijing as a case study to analyze changing institutional and global contexts underlying the transformation of Chinese cities, and planners’ responses and dilemmas in making plans and implementing them. We found that market reforms, rapid growth, and dramatic change make urban master plans quickly out of date, forcing Chinese planners to frequently revise these master plans. We also found that the content of urban master planning in China has broadened from physical planning, and Chinese planning has adapted to market reform through utilizing concepts of visioning, flexibility, and governance. Increasingly what we call a “hybrid” form of planning is arising in which global concepts and Chinese ideas interweave in order to direct the shape and form of the Chinese metropolis.     

中国高新技术区的综合评价*

综述了国内外关于高技术园区评价的指标体系与方法,通过建立的中国高技术园区评价指标体系,应用因子分析方法对52个国家级高新技术开发区1989年～1994年(历年)进行了发展现状与增长评价,同时采用定性与定量相结合的方法分别对30个省、市、区科技发展综合实力和52个高新区发展条件进行了评价。通过分析认为:北京、上海、沈阳等7个高新区是今后中国高新技术区发展扶持的重点区;天津、吉林、西安、郑州可视国家经济实力给予适当支持;建议将包头、珠海、保定等15个国家级高新区降为省级高新技术区开发。     

改革开放二十年来中国城市地理学研究进展

改革开放２０ａ来,中国城市地理学研究队伍不断壮大,研究领域不断向纵深拓展,新技术在城市研究中获得了广泛应用。对这一时期中国城市地理学的研究进展,研究方法和技术作了综述,并对其发展趋势做了展望。     

西方"马克思主义"地理学--人文地理学的一个重要流派

本文全面地概述了西方“马克思主义”地理学的形成过程、理论脉络和研究方法以及新的进展,并着重介绍了西方“马克思主义”地理学的三个核心内容,即政治经济学分析、空间理论和社会－自然关系理论,最后对西方“马克思主义”地理学进行了简要的评论。     

A Study on Hydrocarbon—Generating Potential and Kinetics of Source—Rock Pyrolysis

A study on the potential and kinetics of hydrocarborn(HC) generation of 30 source-rock samples from a certain depression has been made by means of ROCK-EVAL technique .In the pyrolysis experiment, the source material types, maturation and hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks from three Upper Jurassic horizons of that area have been evaluated in terms of such indicators as the type-index, hydrocarbon-generating potential and maximum pyrolysis temperaturw(Tmax) .The results show that the pyrolysis HC yield of immature source rocks is much higher than that of mature rocks in case that the source mateuial is of high quantity and organic matter is abundant, which suggests that it is important for evaluating the HC-generating potential to use immature samples for pyrolysis.In the pyrolytic simulation experiments on other two immature samples,it was found that the hydrocarbon yield is temperature-dependent, and thereafter the kinetical parameters for source rocks, such as reactional grade, appearant activation energy and frequency factor were calculated.     

CHINA''S URBAN HOUSING SYSTEM IN TRANSITION

IntroduchonSincelg49,Chinahaschosel1thesociaIistsyste111il1tl1eIlgl1tofMaI\isl11.Itl1asplacedemphasisonti1epnn1aryindustry(eq.agriCulture)andh1esec0ndaryindtlstry(eg.themanufaCtunngindustry)andoverlookedthedeveloplnentofthetertiaryindustry(eqtherealestate…     

战后西方城市研究的学派

本文全面地阐述了战后西方城市研究学派的形成过程、理论和方法以及进展。这些学派包括：生态学派、新古典主义学派、行为学派、人文主义学派、马克思主义学派、新韦伯主义学派、新保护主义学派、结构主义学派、后现代主义学派以及福特主义学派。     

生油岩热解生烃潜力及生烃动力学研究

利用岩石评价仪(R0cK EVAL I)对某凹陷30块生油岩进行了热解生烃和生烃动力学研究。在热解实验中，用类型指数、生烃潜量、最大热解峰温Tmax、等指标对上侏罗统3个层位的生油岩进行了母质类型、成熟度和生烃能力评价，结果表明，母质类型好、有机质丰富的未成熟生油岩的热解生烃量要比相同的已成熟生油岩高得多，说明选择未成熟生油岩热解对评价其生油能力的重要性。在对另2个未成熟生油岩的热解模拟实验中，得到了生烃率与温度之间的关系，并由此计算了生油岩的表观活化能、频率因子等动力学参数。     

2009年度大气科学领域项目评审与研究成果分析

1 2009年项目申请、送审与资助情况 2009年地球科学五处共受理各类项目768项(表1),其中,面上项目382项,青年科学基金254项,地区科学基金37项,上述3类项目共673项;"天气与气候系统变化过程与机制"优先发展领域重点项目18项(均为大气学科),"全球变化及其区域响应"优先发展领域重点项目41项(其中大气学科11项);国家杰出青年科学基金24项,海外及港澳学者合作研究基金5项,共计29项;创新研究群体科学基金3项;科学仪器专项基金3项;联合资助基金1项.