武定地震序列剪应力场的时空分布特征

根据陈培善和Ｄuda提出的具有3模型的谱衰减模式,利用云南武定M ＝6.5地震序列的近场数字化记录资料,研究了近场地面运动峰值位移dm、峰值加速度am参数与环境应力t0值的依赖性．一个新的考虑是假定峰值参数与介质犙的相关性,并由此导出了用３种地面运动峰值参数测定环境应力t0值的３个关系式．用这些关系式计算了武定地震序列的环境应力t0值．结果表明,３个关系式计算的t0 值基本一致,绝大多数地震的平均t0值在5.0～35MPa的范围,属高应力值地震序列;高应力值被限制在紧靠主震震中附近的较小范围内,环境应力值的等值线的精细结构分布与强余震密切相关．对t0值的时空特征分析表明,该地震序列是在特定的地震构造交汇部位和高应力背景下发生的地震破裂过程．     

腾龙洞造成的洪涝灾害及治理方案的优选

湖北省利川市毗邻清江,其下游腾龙洞清江伏流段阻流壅水严重,影响到了城区.本文通过对腾龙洞形态结构特点及其周围地质环境的研究,认为该地下河入口(落水洞)至银河洞尾一段过水断面狭窄,阻流壅水是造成利川市城郊遭受水灾的主要原因.治理时,以隧道加溶洞方案最为经济     

石膏喀斯特陷落柱的形成及其水文地质意义

华北地区,石炭二叠纪地层内有陷落柱分布,这种现象在世界其它地区是少见的。山西省太原、霍县和阳泉煤田陷落柱最为发育,每平方公里一般有陷落柱0.5—5个。陷落柱横断面一般呈圆形或椭圆形,直径20—200米,高50—500米,由上覆岩层坠落的碎石、砂和土所充填。 自1944年以来,地质学家和水文地质学家普遍认为陷落柱是奥陶系石灰岩溶洞坍陷的产物。这种假说对野外一些地质现象难以解释。作者论证陷落柱形成的过程是:在地下深处,中奥陶系石灰岩中赋存有很厚的硬石膏。地壳不断上升,在地下水的作用下,硬石膏水化变成石膏。体积膨胀了64％的石膏,沿着破碎带的交线挤入上覆的岩层。这种柱状的石膏体不断被地下水溶蚀,上覆岩层塌陷填充形成了陷落柱。 陷落柱除对采矿有影响外,对喀斯特大泉补给、矿坑充水、地下水的人工补给等方面都有重要的意义。     

临震异常判别的统计分析

本文运用统计分析对地震预报中的临震前兆的异常与误差关系进行了讨论,指出了目前所存在的问题,提出了相应的改进意见。作为方法尝试,还结合楚雄短水准、昌黎地电阻率的资料进行了探讨。     

敦煌北部岩浆-变质杂岩构造环境初步探讨:对中亚造山带南缘扩展方式的启示

中亚造山带南缘如何向南扩展,对深入理解增生型造山作用和大陆地壳生长机制以及中亚构造域与特提斯构造域的衔接具有重要科学意义.作为中亚造山带南缘的关键构造单元,敦煌构造带大地构造属性长期备受关注且颇有争议.传统观点认为敦煌构造带是古亚洲洋南侧的前寒武纪稳定大陆地块,以刚性块体的形式参与了中亚造山带南缘的最终拼贴过程.然而,...     

大兴安岭多宝山晚三叠世双峰式侵入岩年代学及地球动力学背景

多宝山矿区发现有侵位于晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩的角闪辉长岩和英云闪长岩,二者具有双峰式侵入岩的特征,在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对多宝山双峰式侵入岩进行了岩石学、年代学、地球化学方面的研究,并初步探讨其构造意义.角闪辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为224.3±1.7 Ma,英云闪长岩为226.3±2.3 Ma,两...     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天然水CaCO_3侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算

天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算是岩溶地球化学研究中的一个重要问题，本文在指出有关文献对这一问题的处理存在严重问题的同时，提出了天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量计算的新方法。该方法以水溶液相对ＣＳＣＯ３饱和度的计算为基础，对ＣａＣＯ３溶解或沉淀所引起的水溶液ｐＨ值、组分的活度系数以及水溶液中各组分存在形式含量的变化统一地作了考虑，且区分开放系统与封闭系统两种不同的情况分别进行了计算。实际水样的计算结果表明，计算中若不考虑上述的种种变化，则计算结果的误差将是相当大的。     

四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率观测特征：微耀斑能量释放的证据

作为微耀斑能量释放的证据，本文扼要介绍了云南天文台“四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”（１．４２，２．１３，２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）１９８９年１２月－１９９３年４月的观测事例，包含低强度的毫秒尖峰辐射（ｍｓｓｐｉｋｅ），类尖峰辐射（ｓｐｉｋｅ－ｌｉｋｅ），快速脉动现象，两种新的快速精细结构──微波Ⅲ型爆和微波类斑点结构．统计了快速精细结构的寿命，在统计基础上分别以实例描述了各类现象的观测特征．