Land cover change detection in West Jilin using ETM ＋ images

In order to assess the information content and accuracy of Landsat ETM digital images in land cover change detection,change-detection techniques of image differencing, normalized difference vegetation index,principal components analysis and tasseled-cap transformation were applied to yield 13 images. These images were thresholded into change and no change areas. The thresholded images were then checked in terms of various accuracies. The experiment results show that kappa coefficients of the 13 images range from 48.05-78.09. Different images do detect different types of changes. Images associated with changes in the near-inflared-reflectance or greenness detects crop-type changes and changes between vegetative and non-vegetative features. A unique means of using only Landsat imagery without reference data for the assessment of change in arid land are presented. Images of 12t June, 2000 and 2‘d June, 2002 are used to validate the means. Analyses of standard accuracy and spatial agreement are performed to compare the new images (hereafter called “change images” ) representing the change between the two dates. Spatial agreement evaluates the conformity in the classified “change pixels” and “no-change pixels” at the same location on different change images and comprehensively examines the different techniques. This method would enable authorities to monitor land degradation efficiently and aeculately.     

转换点位置对转换波速度分析精度的影响

在多波地震勘探中,转换点位置的求取精度直接影响共转换点道集的抽取,进而影响转换波速度分析的精度。利用DSR方程,对比了用不同的转换点计算方法进行转换波速度分析,分析其计算精度。     

利用斯通利波衰减反演渗透率的方法改进

利用严格的Biot介质模型,针对阵列声波测井情况,建立了基于物理统计方法的利用斯通利波幅度衰减反演储层渗透率之线性化最小二乘反演模型。作为对方法可行性的检验,运用该方法对理论合成数据进行了处理,结果表明运用统计方法后反演渗透率的偏差变小,证明了方法的可行性。     

河南省煤系地层地震反射波发育特征

对河南省不同区域的煤系地层反射波发育特点进行分析研究、归类总结和正反演对比,建立了地震波-地质层位的对应关系,有利于解释人员从时间剖面上准确分辨出新生界、煤系地层和煤系基底反射波组,确定煤层反射波及煤层赋存状况,为类似地区的地震资料解释工作提供科学的指导。     

网络存储技术在石油地震数据处理中的应用

针对油田局域网的特点,利用网络存储技术中的SOCKET编程方法,结合Linux或Unix系统中的常驻进程及输入输出控制技术解决海量地震数据交换的问题,这个方法可以实现远程磁带或磁盘数据的读取。对常用的地震数据SEGY格式及其存储特点进行分析,在SEG-Y格式的地震数据的读写技术中,采用位运算的方式解决移位及浮点数的读写操作。网络存储技术的应用实现了远程海量地震数据的存取,位运算方法提高了地震数据输入输出的速度。     

利用功率谱直接求埋深的影响因素

功率谱方法在磁数据处理方面的应用比较广泛。采用近似公式直接求出地质体的上下底埋深。在此近似方法中,会出现一些影响结果的因素。主要对地质体的水平尺寸和厚度的影响做了一些研究,并得出相应的结论。     

地震纵波技术预测煤层瓦斯富集区的探讨与实践

基于国内外煤层瓦斯富集的岩石物理及地球物理响应的研究成果,提出了以煤层反射波振幅、频率及衰减等动力学特征变化为主要研究对象的地震纵波预测技术方案;探讨了利用叠后Gamma拟合声波约束反演、频谱分解属性分析和叠前AVO反演、弹性阻抗反演等纵波技术预测煤层瓦斯富集性的理论依据及实现方法。上述技术在沁水盆地进行了预测尝试,其获得的含气性预测成果与探井实测的瓦斯富集情况基本吻合,初步证明了上述纵波预测技术方法在开展煤层瓦斯富集区研究方面的可行性和有效性。     

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen（N） enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits（plant height and aboveground biomass）, leaf morphological（specific leaf area（SLA） and leaf dry mass content（LDMC）） and chemical traits（leaf N concentration（LNC） and leaf phosphorus（P） concentration（LPC）） of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates（0 g N/（m^2·yr）, 6 g N/（m^2·yr）, 12 g N/（m^2·yr） and 24 g N/（m^2·yr）） in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.     

基于地层结构组合的第四纪地质单元划分研究——以皖江经济带沿江丘陵平原区为例

为支撑地质条件复杂地区的水文地质、工程地质和环境地质调查研究,在皖江经济带沿江丘陵平原区通过系统分析第四纪地层的岩性、结构、构造等组合,以地貌以及第四系成因、沉积相和沉积物物源为指标,结合已有区域第四纪研究成果以及年代地层和岩石地层划分标准,进行皖江沿江丘陵平原区“第四纪地质单元”划分,共划分出冲积-湖积平原地质单元、洪积-坡积岗地地质单元和残积-剥蚀丘陵地质单元3个一级地质单元,总结了7种类型第四纪地层结构组合及其特征,为区域水文地质和工程地质调查与研究奠定了基础。     

海底扩张的潮汐模式

2000年6月底，东京以南的伊豆岛开始发生火山与地震活动。此后，在伊豆岛观测到异常的地壳变形，8月底，火山与地震活动达到高潮。对潮汐与火山和地震活动的关系进行了分析，认为：地壳变形是由伊豆岛的岩脉侵入引起的，并且与强潮汐天文条件相对应。根据观测和计算数据提出了海底扩张的潮汐模式。