Advances in Oxygenation Theory and Technology in Deep Lakes

Deep lakes always maintain vertical thermal stratification due to their physical structure. The thermocline prevents the transfer of oxygen from epilimnion to hypolimnion, leading to the formation of anoxic conditions in deeper water, the enhanced release of endogenous pollutants and the deterioration of water quality. Oxygenation is an effective measure to improve the water quality of deep lakes and mitigate the release of endogenous pollutants via the increase of the oxygen level in water. This paper provided an overview of the method and theory of oxygenation in deep lakes. Advantages and limitations of different methods of oxygenation, including artificial destratification, airlift aerators, Speece cone and bubble plume diffusers, were discussed. In addition, challenges and prospects of oxygenation were assessed based on the analyzing of typical examples of oxygenation in deep lakes and the difference in oxygenation system used in deep lakes and shallow lakes.     

聊城市水资源可持续利用中存在的问题及对策浅析

聊城市属于资源性缺水地区,为实现以有限的水资源支持和保障经济社会的持续稳定发展,必须作好水资源可持续利用这篇大文章.本文分析了聊城市水资源特点及利用中存在的问题,并就实现水资源可持续利用应采取的工程与非工程措施进行了研究和探讨.     

攀西宁南地区上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段C、O同位素特征和震旦系/寒武系界线的划分

对上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段的C、O同位素组成进行了分析,并根据δ13C值在剖面上的变化特征,讨论了该地区震旦系/寒武系的界线。结果表明,麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值在-3.19‰～2.86‰之间,平均值为0.10‰;δ18O值在-10.75‰～-5.17‰之间,平均值为-7.82‰。在剖面上δ13C值出现了有规律的变化,剖面下部2～21层,δ13C值均为正值,在0.04‰～1.68‰之间,平均值为0.92‰;上部23～32层,δ13C值均为负值,在-3.19‰～-1.42‰之间,平均值为-2.13‰,δ13C值存在一个显著的负漂移,变化高达4‰。麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值的变化特征与国内外同期地层非常相似,具有全球可对比性,可作为震旦系/寒武系划分的地球化学标志。     

Geochemistry,Paleoenvironment and Mechanism of Organic-Matter Enrichment in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China

To investigate the mechanism of the organic-matter enrichment in the Lower Longmaxi Formation shale, the geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC) of the Longmaxi Formation black shales in the Jiaoshiba, Zhaotong, and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Paleoproductivity proxy parameters(Babio, Siex, and Ni/Al), clastic influx proxies(TiO_2 and Ti/Al), redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/(V+Ni), and U/Th), and hydrothermal indicators(Fe, Mn,and Y concentrations; Fe/Ti ratio and a Ni-Zn-Co diagram) were employed to decipher the paleoenvironment of the Lower Longmaxi Formation shales. TiO_2 and Ti/Al indicated low terrigenous detrital influx in all three areas. However, Babio, Siex,and Ni/Al indicated high productivity in the Jiaoshiba area. V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th indicated higher oxygen content with larger fluctuations in the Zhaotong and Weiyuan areas. Fe, Mn, and Y concentrations and the Fe/Ti ratio implied greater active hydrothermal activity in the Weiyuan area. These heterogeneities were considered to be closely related to the paleoenvironment and paleogeography, and the large basement faults that developed during the Chuanzhong paleo-uplift could have provided vents for deep-hydrothermal-fluid upwelling. The redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th) and a paleoproductivity proxy(Ni/Al) displayed a significant correlation with the TOC, suggesting that both excellent preservation conditions and high paleoproductivity were the controlling factors for the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale. There was no obvious correlation between the clastic influx proxy(Ti/Al) and the TOC due to the extremely low supply of terrigenous debris. The hydrothermal indicator(Fe/Ti) was negatively correlated with the TOC in the Weiyuan area, indicating that hydrothermal activity may have played a negative role in the accumulation of organic matter. This study suggests that the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation marine shale varied according to the paleogeography and sedimentary environment.     

Die Rheingrabenrandverwerfung im Wattkopftunnel bei Ettlingen (Nordschwarzwald)

The Wattkopftunnel, near Ettlingen (Nordschwarzwald), drives through the eastern margin of the Rheingraben. The tunnel passes cenozoic and mesozoic sediments. Early quarternary and tertiary beds are situated west of the main thrust of the Rheingraben. Fossil record indicates upper Oligocene age (Chatt) for parts of the tertiary sediments. At the eastern border of the Rheingraben, wedges of jurassic and middle triassic series are squeezed. East of the Rheingraben the tunnel drives in the lower triassic Bausandstein. The eastern margin of the Rheingraben was investigated in detail during tunneling. Faults of the Rheingraben margin are distributed in an 130 meter wide fault zone in the tunnel. Total stratigraphic separation by the normal faults reaches more than 2 000 meters. The cenozoic sequence suffered synsedimentary to early diagenetic deformation, while the mesozoic series are characterized by ruptural deformation. The fault- and joint system is directed in the rheinische Richtung (SSW-NNE). East of the Rheingraben a second direction occur, running parallel to the lower Albtal (W-E).

     

某城地下水地表水联合优化调度管理模型实例

本文阐述了利用响应矩阵法建立地下水、地表水优化调度管理模型的约束条件、并用目标规划法进行管理模型计算的一个实例。这是一个位于黄河之滨的城市,市内有许多名泉。近年来大量开采地下水已使泉水干涸,而黄河水在某些月份含沙量很大,不宜全年开采。本计算求得了这个城市几个水源地与黄河水在一个枯水年(或丰水年)内各月份的优化开采量分配方案,使之既可保证泉水全年喷涌;叉可提供所需水量。     

日本油气发展战略及其对中国油气行业的启示

总结了日本在不同时期根据国际油气市场结构的变化而采取的相应的油气政策,重点对日本的石油天然气和金属矿物资源机构的职能、石油和液化石油气的储备体系、油气自主开发和能源外交政策,以及最新颁布的<新国家能源战略>作了介绍和分析.最后结合中国油气发展的现状,提出了一些针对性的建议.     

油气双相介质理论在辽西凹陷南部岩性圈闭中的应用

辽河西部凹陷是辽河拗陷主要的生油凹陷.随着勘探程度的提高,勘探难度不断增大,近年来对辽西凹陷鸳鸯沟和清水洼陷坡折带以下的岩性油气藏勘探需求日益旺盛.通过双相介质油气勘探方法,利用小波变化时频分析特性,提取地震波能量和频率成分,对工作区内探井频谱特征进行了样本学习,总结出了区内高产井和无油井的频谱特征,预测出勘探风险区域的油气富集程度,再结合地球物理反演技术,明确了下一步岩性圈闭的勘探潜力区域,以降低勘探风险.