Rossby波的下游效应引发我国高影响天气的分析

对近几年和历史上著名的深槽型暴雨及台风暴雨的分析表明,欧亚高空急流中Rossby波能量频散而产生的下游发展效应,对东亚高空槽的形成与发展、登陆台风的路径与长生命史有重要的影响。如果沿急流传播的Rossby波能量使110°E附近形成深厚的低压系统或使原有西风槽发展加深,天气尺度强迫产生强上升运动则非常有利于中国东部出现暴雨过程。而当欧亚中高纬Rossby波活动的下游效应导致在40°N附近东亚地区对流层中、高层形成闭合高压,同时有西太平洋台风或热带风暴登陆中国,受大尺度环流场引导气流的影响,台风往往取西行或西北行路径。如果同时来自海上的季风涌强烈,将延长台风环流系统的生命史,产生大范围致洪暴雨。目前业务上使用的全球数值预报模式对Rossby波列的下游发展效应有一定的中期预报能力,建议在日常业务预报中关注亚洲高空急流中Rossby波能量传播过程中大形势的突变与调整。Hovmller图分析方法,是分析Rossby波列下游发展效应的一个简单、直观和有效的工具,可应用于日常业务预报分析中。     

2009年7月初广西致洪暴雨过程综合分析

利用常规观测资料、自动站资料、卫星资料和NCEP再分析资料对2009年7月1～6日广西致洪暴雨过程进行分析,发现:850hPa西南急流为广西输送大量的水汽和不稳定能量,急流轴随时间逆转阻断水汽和不稳定能量北上,使之在广西积聚,500hPa低槽下高原后加深并出现闭合低涡,低涡附近强烈的上升运动,触发了暴雨的发生,同时地面闭合低压环流使低层辐合明显,闭合低压环流附近出现强降雨带。桂北静止锋云团、桂南辐合抬升不断加强生成对流云团,是造成了南北两条强雨带的重要原因。     

自动气象站异常数据处理办法及思路

<正>1引言在气象观测中,自动气象站的维修、维护不到位或不标准都可能带来观测数据异常的情况。本文对自动气象站不同数据文件异常情况处理进行说明,为相关工作人员提供参考。     

“23·7”河北太行山东麓罕见特大暴雨特征及成因

受台风杜苏芮北上减弱的低压影响,2023年7月29日至8月1日,京津冀地区遭受了历史罕见的特大暴雨,海河发生流域性特大洪水并造成人员伤亡和经济损失。利用高空观测、地面自动站、S波段多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达、ERA5再分析资料等,对此次天气过程进行了初步分析。结果表明:特大暴雨过程具有累计降水量大、持续时间长、地形作用明显等特征。台风杜苏芮、卡努提供了极为有利的水汽条件,华北北部形成的高压坝阻挡了台风环流北上,华北地区先后经历了阵性降水、台风倒槽降水和倒槽减弱阶段对流性降水三个阶段,降水落区的叠加效应是形成罕见特大暴雨的主要原因。台风倒槽阶段850 hPa切变线受太行山阻挡移动缓慢,降水持续时间长,初期大气处于近中性状态,雨强整体平稳,30日午后对流开始加强,河北中部降水区冷池出流的偏北风与偏东风形成地面辐合线,使得河北东南部高能区中触发的对流单体发展加强为MCS,移入保定后形成“列车效应”;太行山冷池出流的偏北风与地面东南风形成辐合线触发不稳定能量释放,是30日夜间河北西南部降水维持的原因。31日早晨超过20m·s^-1的东南风急流再次建立,造成北京南部超过110...     

改进的CLDAS降水驱动对中国区域积雪模拟的影响评估

积雪因为其特定的属性在气候变化和水文循环中扮演着重要角色,在大气和陆面之间起到了调节能量和水交换的显著作用,而陆面驱动数据的质量直接决定着模式对积雪的模拟效果。本文采用CLDAS(CMA Land Data Assimilation System)和改进后的降水驱动(CLDAS-Prcp)分别驱动Noah3.6陆面模式对积雪变量进行模拟,并对中国主要的积雪区东北区域、新疆区域、青藏高原区域的积雪覆盖率、雪深、雪水当量的模拟效果进行了评估。结果表明,CLDAS-Prcp改善了原有驱动在冬季由于低估降水所造成的模拟积雪量偏少的情况;东北区域模拟结果与观测的时间变率最为一致,积雪覆盖率、雪深、雪水当量的相关系数分别为0.42,0.78,0.93;而雪水当量的改进效果最明显,均方根误差和偏差分别减小了54.8%和83.1%,相关系数提高了0.47;同时,CLDAS-Prcp不仅能反映积雪变量的年际变率,而且能够较准确地反映出强度较大的突发降雪事件。     

Isotopic chronology and geological events of Precambrian complex in Taihangshan region

There are five major geological events in Precambrian complex, Taihangshan region determined by researching into geology and isotopic chronology of the complex. Basaltic magma erupted and quartz-dioritic to tonalitic magma intruded in earlier neo-Archaean, which formed hornblende-plagiogneiss of Fuping gneiss complex and metamorphic mafic rock enclaves in TTG gneiss complex. Granulite facies metamorphism and emplacement of biotite-plagiogneiss occurred in late neo-Archaean. Extension and uplifting from the end of neo-Archaean to Paleoproterozoic era formed Chengnanzhuang large extensional deformation zones and metamorphic mafic veins emplaced into the deformation zones. Remobilization of Precambrian complex and tectonic uplifting in late Paleoproterozoic era formed Longquanguan ductile shear zone and emplacement of Nanying gneiss. Occurrence of regional granite pegmatite at the end of Paleoproterozoic era means the end of the Lliang movement.     

Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation at the Surface under Cloudless Conditions on the Tibetan Plateau Using a Simple Radiation Model

In this study,the clear sky hourly global and net solar irradiances at the surface determined using SUNFLUX,a simple parameterization scheme,for three stations(Gaize,Naqu,and Lhasa) on the Tibetan Plateau were evaluated against observation data.Our modeled results agree well with observations.The correlation coefficients between modeled and observed values were > 0.99 for all three stations.The relative error of modeled results,in average was < 7%,and the root-mean-square variance was < 27 W m 2.The solar irradiances in the radiation model were slightly overestimated compared with observation data;there were at least two likely causes.First,the radiative effects of aerosols were not included in the radiation model.Second,solar irradiances determined by thermopile pyranometers include a thermal offset error that causes solar radiation to be slightly underestimated.The solar radiation absorbed by the ozone and water vapor was estimated.The results show that monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by the ozone is < 2% of the global solar radiation(< 14 W m 2).Solar radiation absorbed by water vapor is stronger in summer than in winter.The maximum amount of monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by water vapor can be up to 13% of the global solar radiation(95 W m 2).This indicates that water vapor measurements with high precision are very important for precise determination of solar radiation.     

1961—2009年辽河流域水文气象要素变化特征

依据1961—2009年辽河流域5个气象观测站点逐日降水和气温观测资料,运用非参数检验方法（Mann-Kendall法）,对辽河流域降水和气温的变化趋势进行了分析。利用2006—2010年夏季共162d降水日的铁岭站日降水量与铁岭水文站径流量资料,探讨了日降水量与径流量之间的相关关系。结果表明：辽河流域年降水量减少趋势明显,降水量偏少年份明显增加,其主要原因为占全年降水量65%的夏季降水以7.4 mm/10 a的气候趋势倾向率递减,呈现出明显的减少趋势;辽河流域的年平均气温是在波动中逐渐上升的,且升温趋势明显,春季呈明显的升温趋势,夏季略有下降,秋季变化不大,冬季是气温上升最明显的季节;日降水量与径流量存在正相关关系,且日降水量与降水第二日的径流量相关显著。     

QBO 与南海夏季风爆发的关系

利用1979—2001 年ECMWF 再分析资料和NOAA 海温资料,通过相关分析和合成分析等统计方法,分析了平流层准两年周期振荡(QBO)与南海夏季风建立时间的关系。结果表明,QBO 位相与南海夏季风爆发时间有显著的相关关系:超前南海夏季风爆发约18 个月的QBO 西(东)风位相对应着季风爆发时间偏早(晚)。QBO 与南海夏季风爆发的联系要比ENSO 与南海夏季风爆发的联系更密切。      

A Numerical Study of the Urban Intensity Effect on Fog Evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

The influence of urban intensity on fog evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China) is investigated numerically with the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the urban canopy parameterization-building energy model (UCP- BEM) urban physics scheme. The experiments were designed with a focus on the influence of different urban intensities, which are represented by a different fractional coverage of natural land, buildings, and energy consumption inside buildings in an urban environment. The results of this study indicate that urban areas notably influence fog evolution when natural land is reduced to a small fraction (e.g., less than 10%). Developed land changes fog evolution through urban effects. Higher urban intensity (HUI) generally results in warmer temperatures and lower wind speeds throughout the day, while inhibiting morning specific humidity loss and afternoon specific humidity gain because of the HUI effect on surface heat flux, surface roughness, and surface moisture flux. HUI leads to later and weaker liquid water content formation, with a higher liquid water content base, primarily due to its effect on near surface temperatures. This finding implies that HUI may inhibit the conditions for fog formation. In addition, urban areas with equal natural and developed land coverage seem to greatly enhance the upward surface moisture flux, which is attributed to the combination of a relatively large potential evaporation on developed land and an ample moisture supply from natural land. As a result, the specific humidity increases in the afternoon.