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81.
ABSTRACTUsing Artl@s as an example of a project that relies on volunteered geographic information (VGI), this article examines the specific challenges that exist, beyond those frequently discussed in general VGI systems (e.g., participants’ motivation and data quality control) in regard to sharing research data in humanities: (1) most data from the humanities is qualitative and collected from multiple data sources which are often inconsistent and unmappable; (2) data is usually interconnected with multiple relationships among different tables which creates challenges for both mapping and query functionality; (3) data is both geographical and historical. Consequently addresses that no longer exist have to be geolocated and visualized on historical basemaps and spaces must be represented diachronically; (4) the design of web map application needs to balance both sophisticated research requirements and a user-friendly interface; (5) finally contributors expect their data to be cited or acknowledged when used in other studies and users need metadata and citation information in order to reuse and repurpose datasets.In this article, we discuss how Artl@s, a project which developed a georeferenced historical database of exhibition catalogues, addresses these challenges. Artl@s provides a case study for VGI adoption by digital humanities scholars for research data sharing, as it offers features, such as flexible batch data contribution, interrelated spatial query, automatic geolocalization of historical addresses, and data citation mechanisms. 相似文献
82.
The Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) contains a chapter on the environment, ostensibly included to mitigate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) environmental oversights. The environment chapter created a citizen submission process designed to foster public participation in supporting each participating nation’s environmental laws. This article examines the outcomes to date of the citizen submission process, based on an analysis of the articles of the agreement and an examination of the rulings made on each case submitted under the citizen submission process. The analysis shows that CAFTA poses significant obstacles to citizen participation and has made minimal, if any, contributions to environmental law enforcement among the Parties to the agreement. 相似文献
83.
Jeffrey T. Morisette Amanda E. Cravens Brian W. Miller Marian Talbert Colin Talbert Catherine Jarnevich 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1158-1167
There is substantial literature on the importance of bridging across disciplinary and science–management boundaries. One of the ways commonly suggested to cross boundaries is for participants from both sides of the boundary to jointly produce information (i.e., knowledge co-production). But simply providing tools or bringing people together in the same room is not sufficient. Here we present a case study documenting the mechanisms by which managers and scientists collaborated to incorporate climate change projections into Colorado’s State Wildlife Action Plan. A critical component of the project was the use of a collaborative modeling and visualization workspace: the U.S. Geological Survey’s Resource for Advanced Modeling (RAM). Using video analysis and pre/post surveys from this case study, we examine how the RAM facilitated cognitive and social processes that co-produced a more salient and credible end product. This case provides practical suggestions to scientists and practitioners who want to implement actionable science. 相似文献
84.
POSITION OF ARSENIC MINERALS IN THE METALLOGENIC SERIES. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The fact that there is certain definite order in the distribution of metallic ores around a central magma has now been generally recognized by economic geologists and its effects on the geographic distribution as well as 相似文献
85.
The senior author has, since several years,~1 pointed out the high magnesian content in the upper Wutai formation in which frequently occur 相似文献
86.
PAR WONG WEN-HAO 《地质学报》1923,2(Z2):5-50
Ⅰ. LES MATERIAUX ET LA METHODE D'ETUDE. LES TREMBLEMENTS DE TERRE EN CHINE. Le comte de Montessus de Ballore a fait, dans sa geographie seismolo-gique, les plus expresses reserves sur la seismicite de la Chine. Il croit 相似文献
87.
粤港澳大湾区发展的理论框架与发展战略探究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
粤港澳大湾区是在“一带一路”倡议下,由珠三角经济圈的强化合作而产生的新地理概念。作为新兴的全球化港湾,粤港澳大湾区如何突破新自由主义框架理论,探索出符合社会主义市场经济体制的发展路径,是当前决策者和规划者需要思考的重要问题。本文简要梳理了现有的城市群、区域增长极理论,新经济地理集群理论,全球产业链网络理论并结合大湾区现状优势,对湾区发展战略定位与发展路径进行探究,认为可通过粤港澳三方通力合作,创造一个内生型的经济与产业本土增长模式为主要方向。具体表现为:首先,要以先进制造业为立足点、实现自我创新的产业升级,形成完善的制造业产业链,并成为全球生产网络的重要节点与区域性枢纽;其次,大湾区还应利用自身的科研与教育、金融与创新资源优势,推进“一国两制三关税区”、尤其是与香港在大湾区建设中的全方位参与联动,完善产权制度,加强合规和规则经济的市场经济体系建设,将大湾区打造为中国的科创中心及全球性金融中心。 相似文献
88.
Julia CURIO Yongren CHEN Reinhard SCHIEMANN ANDrew G.TURNER Kai Chi WONG Kevin HODGES Yueqing LI 《大气科学进展》2018,35(8):965-980
Tibetan Plateau vortices(TPVs) are mesoscale cyclones originating over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) during the extended summer season(April–September).Most TPVs stay on the TP,but a small number can move off the TP to the east.TPVs are known to be one of the main precipitation-bearing systems on the TP and moving-off TPVs have been associated with heavy precipitation and flooding downstream of the TP(e.g.,in Sichuan province or over the Yangtze River Valley).Identifying and tracking TPVs is difficult because of their comparatively small horizontal extent(400–800 km) and the limited availability of soundings over the TP,which in turn constitutes a challenge for short-term predictions of TPV-related impacts and for the climatological study of TPVs.In this study,(i) manual tracking(MT) results using radiosonde data from a network over and downstream of the TP are compared with(ii) results obtained by an automated tracking(AT) algorithm applied to ERA-Interim data.Ten MT-TPV cases are selected based on method(i) and matched to and compared with the corresponding AT-TPVs identified with method(ii).Conversely,ten AT-TPVs are selected and compared with the corresponding MT-TPVs.In general,the comparison shows good results in cases where the underlying data are in good agreement,but considerable differences are also seen in some cases and explained in terms of differences in the tracking methods,data availability/coverage and disagreement between sounding and ERA-Interim data.Recommendations are given for future efforts in TPV detection and tracking,including in an operational weather forecasting context. 相似文献
89.
Storm runoff from the Marikina River Basin frequently causes flood events in the Philippine capital region Metro Manila. This paper presents and evaluates a system to predict short-term runoff from the upper part of that basin (380 km2). It was designed as a possible component of an operational warning system yet to be installed. For the purpose of forecast verification, hindcasts of streamflow were generated for a period of 15 months with a time-continuous, conceptual hydrological model. The latter was fed with real-time observations of rainfall. Both ground observations and weather radar data were tested as rainfall forcings. The radar-based precipitation estimates clearly outperformed the raingauge-based estimates in the hydrological verification. Nevertheless, the quality of the deterministic short-term runoff forecasts was found to be limited. For the radar-based predictions, the reduction of variance for lead times of 1, 2 and 3 hours was 0.61, 0.62 and 0.54, respectively, with reference to a “no-forecast” scenario, i.e. persistence. The probability of detection for major increases in streamflow was typically less than 0.5. Given the significance of flood events in the Marikina Basin, more effort needs to be put into the reduction of forecast errors and the quantification of remaining uncertainties. 相似文献
90.
Michael J. Hollaway Keith J. Beven Clare Mc W. H. Benskin Adrian L. Collins Robert Evans Peter D. Falloon Kirsty J. Forber Kevin M. Hiscock Ron Kahana Christopher J. A. Macleod Mary C. Ockenden Martha L. Villamizar Catherine Wearing Paul J. A. Withers Jian G. Zhou Nicholas J. Barber Philip M. Haygarth 《水文研究》2018,32(17):2779-2787
River discharge and nutrient measurements are subject to aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. In this study, we present a novel method for estimating these uncertainties in colocated discharge and phosphorus (P) measurements. The “voting point”‐based method constrains the derived stage‐discharge rating curve both on the fit to available gaugings and to the catchment water balance. This helps reduce the uncertainty beyond the range of available gaugings and during out of bank situations. In the example presented here, for the top 5% of flows, uncertainties are shown to be 139% using a traditional power law fit, compared with 40% when using our updated “voting point” method. Furthermore, the method is extended to in situ and lab analysed nutrient concentration data pairings, with lower uncertainties (81%) shown for high concentrations (top 5%) than when a traditional regression is applied (102%). Overall, for both discharge and nutrient data, the method presented goes some way to accounting for epistemic uncertainties associated with nonstationary physical characteristics of the monitoring site. 相似文献