Numerical properties of low-frequency expansions for the reflection and transmission coefficients from transition layers

Summary The numerical properties of the low-frequency expansions for the reflection and transmission coefficients of SH-waves from transition layers, derived in [1], are studied. It is shown that the expansions are suitable for computations only when the thickness d of the transition layer is small in comparison with the wavelength of the incident wave (d0.5). For thicker transition layers, certain modifications of the method are suggested.     

Relation between the monthly sums of sunshine and global radiation

Summary The statistical treatment of the dependence of monthly sums of global radiation on the monthly sums of sunshine at the stations of Hradec Králové, Bratislava — Koliba and Hurbanovo is presented. The parameters of linear and quadratic regression are derived for the said stations and for the individual months of the year. Drawing on the statistical analysis of the initial data sets, the accuracy and reliability of the mentioned regression relations are critically evaluated.     

Macroseismic observations of earthquake in Yugoslavia (April 15, 1979, 06h21m gmt), on the territory of Czechoslovakia

an¶rt;u am mu 15- an 1979. a auu a mumuu auu.     

Results of the earth-tide measurements at the Pecný station (CSSR)

¶rt;mam mam a¶rt;u, m u a nuu mauu nu¶rt; 1970–1977. nauaumGs 11 No 131, 201 uGs 15 No 228. a¶rt; ¶rt;uam mauau ¶rt;u um. ¶rt;uu au naam nuu nu¶rt; ma. 2,uuu au ma. 3.

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Paper presented at the IUGG XVII Plenary Meeting, Canberra, Dec. 1979.     

Effect of the additional low-sensitivity channel on the amplitude response of the electromagnetic seismograph

u¶rt;m ¶rt; anum¶rt;-amm aamumu maum a aa nu mummu (). ma¶rt;am aamumu uu mau auma uu am auu a uu aaa aa.     

A combined geophysical model of the crust for the south of the European part of the USSR

m¶rt; amamu ¶rt;uau nma nauua ¶rt; a n amu . n ¶rt;a uu u¶rt;au,aumuu u mn nma. mam maa auum ¶rt; m u nmm u¶rt;ua n¶rt;a u a maa a umua a nam . ¶rt; nmm amuu n¶rt;m uu 3,3/ ³ , n¶rt; ¶rt;uuuau u na¶rt;uau mu a anma ¶rt; 3,2/ ³ . ¶rt; n¶rt;uu a¶rt;u aau mum nm, maumaa ¶rt;¶rt;m aama u ¶rt; amu .

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Presented at the KAPG Symposium Problems of Interpretation and Construction of Physical Models of Litosphere, Liblice (CSSR), March 6–10, 1978.     

Introduction à la climatologie dynamique de l'Amerique du Nord,de l'Atlantique Nord et de l'Europe

Résumé Nous appliquons dans ce mémoire la théorie des perturbations, développée antérieuremet par l'un de nous, à la déduction des principales caractéristiques normales des perturbations compatibles avec un champ moyen donné de pression et de température. Cette deduction comprend la détermination: 1) de la configuration moyenne des perturbations dans les différentes régions étudiées; 2) des zones de creusement et de comblement et en particulier des foyers de formation et de disparition des perturbations; 3) des trajectoires, vitesses, fréquences et amplitudes moyennes des perturbations. C'est à l'ensemble de ces propriétés moyennes que nous donnons le nom de «climatologie dynamique» d'une période donnée.Après une première partie théorique, nous donnons des exemples d'application des résultats généraux à la climatologie dynamique des mois de Janvier et de Juillet pour l'Amérique du Nord, l'Atlantique Nord et l'Europe.

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Summary In this paper we apply the theory of perturbations, previously developed by one of us, to the deduction of the main normal characteristics of the perturbations that are compatible with a given mean field of pressure and temperature. This deduction comprises the determination: 1) of the mean configuration of the perturbations for the different regions under examination; 2) of the normal deepening and filling regions of the perturbations, and particularly their formation and vanishing focuses; 3) of the mean paths, speeds, frequencies and amplitudes of the perturbations. The «dynamical climatology» we are contemplating here is concerned with all these mean properties of the perturbations for a given period.After a first theoretical part, we give some examples of the application of the general results to the dynamical climatology of January and July for North America, North Atlantic and Europe.

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à ce mémoire a été assigné le Prix 1956 de la « Società Italiana di Geofisica e Meteorologia ».     

A Study of Ozone Laminae Using Diabatic Trajectories, Contour Advection and Photochemical Trajectory Model Simulations.

In this paper, we show that the rate of ozone loss in both polar and mid-latitudes, derived from ozonesonde and satellite data, has almost the same vertical distribution (although opposite sense) to that of ozone laminae abundance. Ozone laminae appear in the lower stratosphere soon after the polar vortex is established in autumn, increase in number throughout the winter and reach a maximum abundance in late winter or spring. We indicate a possible coupling between mid-winter, sudden stratospheric warmings (when the vortex is weakened or disrupted) and the abundance of ozone laminae using a 23-year record of ozonesonde data from the World Ozone Data Center in Canada combined with monthly-mean January polar temperatures at 30 hPa.Results are presented from an experiment conducted during the winter of 1994/95, in phase II of the Second European Stratospheric And Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME), in which 93 ozone-enhanced laminae of polar origin observed by ozonesondes at different time and locations are linked by diabatic trajectories, enabling them to be probed twice or more. It is shown that, in general, ozone concentrations inside laminae fall progressively with time, mixing irreversibly with mid-latitude air on time-scales of a few weeks. A particular set of laminae which advected across Europe during mid February 1995 are examined in detail. These laminae were observed almost simultaneously at seven ozonesonde stations, providing information on their spatial scales. The development of these laminae has been modelled using the Contour Advection algorithm of Norton (1994), adding support to the concept that many laminae are extrusions of vortex air. Finally, a photochemical trajectory model is used to show that, if the air in the laminae is chemically activated, it will impact on mid-latitude ozone concentrations. An estimate is made of the potential number of ozone molecules lost each winter via this mechanism.