银川平原植被生长与地下水关系研究

干旱区植被生长与地下水的关系是生态水文地质学研究的热点之一。西北内陆干旱地区降水稀少,植被的生长发育与地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。借助遥感方法,结合地下水观测数据,在区域尺度上定量地研究了中国银川平原地区地下水埋深及矿化度与植被生长的关系。结果表明:适宜植被生长的地下水埋深范围约为1~6m,当地下水位埋深为3.5m左右时,植被长势最好。而在水位埋深为3.5m左右的地区,植被生长的相对好坏又受地下水矿化度的影响。当地下水矿化度为0.9g/L时对该地区植被的生长最为有利。     

唐山地震前兆场的分布特征

本文对唐山地震昌黎等七个台的地电阻率日均值时间序列进行了关联维计算．取每年为一个时间段，其目的在于探索分数维对地震各个阶段的反应，以便达到利用分数维进行地震预报的目的。计算结果表明大部分地电台的地电阻率在地震前有明显的降维特征。通过地震前后七个台的地电阻率分数维的变化，得到了地震前后前兆场的分布特征，这一结果对于未来震源区的判定有重要意义。     

Morphological and sedimentary features of sandy-muddy transitional beaches in estuaries and bays along mesotidal to macrotidal coasts

Sandy-muddy transitional beaches (SMT-Beaches), representing the transition from sandy beaches to tidal mudflats, should theoretically develop very different morphological and sedimentological characteristics in river estuaries and in semi-enclosed bays due to their contrasting dynamic sedimentary environments. Evidence, however, is rare in the scientific literature. To reveal these morphological and sedimentary differences, the sand–mud transition (SMT) boundary distribution, beach profiles, and surface and downcore sediment grain-size compositions of 27 SMT-Beaches located along mesotidal to macrotidal coasts of the western Taiwan Strait, southeastern China, were investigated. The results show that typical estuarine SMT-Beaches are mainly characterized by an ambiguous SMT, a long distance between the SMT and the coastline (31–302 m), lower SMT and inflection point altitudes (average –0.76 m and –0.04 m), and lower upper beach gradients (~0.068) with fine sand. Estuarine SMT-Beach sediments display clear interbedded mud and sand layers, implying potential SMT migrations over various timescales. By contrast, typical bay SMT-Beaches are characterized by distinct SMT, a short distance between the SMT and the coastline (11–52 m), higher SMT and inflection point altitudes (~0.24 m and ~0.35 m), and narrower upper beaches with higher gradients (~0.095) and coarse sand. Bay SMT-Beaches present relatively stable sedimentary sequences and a narrow gravel belt surrounding the inflection point and/or SMT. These morphological and sedimentary differences between the two SMT-Beach types are initially constrained by sediment supply and transport and are further affected by tide conditions and wave climate. Sediment supply and transport predominately control the sediment structures, while the tidal range strongly influences spatial variations in SMT distances. Wave climate normally drives SMT altitude variations. This study highlights the morphological and sedimentary differences in SMT-Beaches in estuaries and bays, providing important knowledge for further revealing their morphodynamic processes and potential future nourishment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成象

利用１９８４～１９９８年新间期间发生在腾冲火山及邻区３０个台站记录的数知个地震的Ｐ波资料,采用地震层析成象法重建了腾冲火山及邻区地壳、上地幔不同深度的三维速度结构层析成象图。结果给出,在腾冲火山区下面地壳内约３～９ｋｍ存在低速带,扰动量达－２０％;１０～１５ｋｍ深度为高波速带,扰动量达７．３％;１６～２４ｋｍ深度为低波速带。扰动量达－９．１％;２５～４０ｋｍ为波速带,扰一达１０％;大于莫霍面深度（     

自记水位仪的数字化改造

本文详细叙述了采用光电编码和微机技术对自记水位仪进行数字化改造的方案选择、理论计算和改造实践。     

微震记录的空间自相关法误差特性分析

本文定量研究了当面波能量分布不遵循各向均匀的假设时,运用空间自相关法（SPAC法）出现的误差.通过分析合成微震记录,研究了方位局限的入射、站台的数量对空间自相关系数的影响,明确了一些圆形排列的SPAC系数偏差空间构造.它可分为两个部分：低频域的零偏差部分和高频域的偏差部分.在高频偏差域,存在排列特色的周期特性.其角度周期是排列圆周上相邻站点之间夹角的一半.研究中要强调的是对于每种圆形排列存在一些特殊的入射方向的现象（如,对三角形排列,那些方向角度为 15°, 45°, 75°,…）.当瑞利波沿着这些角度之一传播时,在SPAC谱中,有效的无偏差频率范围扩展到先前研究结果的两倍.这个现象为提高野外SPAC法勘探精度提供了一个新的可能.     

Effect of Poissonos ratio on stress state in the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake fault

The Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake occurred on the Longmenshan fault which inclines at a dip angle exceeding 60 degrees. Since most thrust earthquakes occur on faults with dip angles of about 30 degrees, it is enigmatic why the Wenchuan earthquake occurred on such a steep fault. In this study we use a simple finite element model to investigate how the stress state in the fault changes with the variation of Poisson's ratio. The results show that, with the Poisson's ratio in the fault increasing, the magnitudes of the principal stresses increase and the maximum shear stress decrease, and, especially, the angle between the maximum principal stress and the fault plane decreases, which will enhance the driving force to overcome the frictional resistance on the fault. The increase of Poisson's ratio in the fault may be an important factor to affect the occurrence of the fault earthquakes with large angles between maximum principal stress and fault plane.

     

原生动物纤毛虫对太湖梅梁湾水质富营养化的响应

１９９３年４月－１９９４年１月研究了太湖梅梁湾湖区纤毛虫的群落分布,共检出７目１９属,根据ＴＳＩ指标,该湖区可分为富营养型和中营养型水域,在富营养型水域中分布着特有的纤毛虫种类。     

主成分监督分类及其在水质特征遥感图像识别中的应用

建立了一种水域水质状况图像识别的主成分监督分类方法,首先通过ＴＭ水域图像数据的主成分分析,将原有各波段图谱的显著且独立的信息集中在数目尽可能少的合成图象中,再依据不同类型水体的光谱特征,分析各主成分图像的构成及其环境生态学含义,由此对整个研究区域内存在的不同标志类型及其分布特征有所了解,在此基础上,选定训练样本集,从而人有清楚的环境生态意义的标志类型,应用监督法得到较好的识别分类结果,分析表明,这     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.