砖-土结构劣化及入侵建筑物拆除对榆林卫城稳定性影响

研究古城墙在环境和人为破坏因素下的稳定性对于古城墙保护和修复工程具有重要科学意义。以陕西榆林卫城为研究背景,对其保存现状进行大量调研,对砖墙砌体及夯土材料力学特性进行原位测试和室内试验,再基于数值方法来综合评判砖-土结构劣化及入侵建筑物在拆除过程中古城墙的整体稳定性和受力性态。结果表明:(1)城墙夯土受水分入渗后平均含水率w≥11.5%或顶部剥蚀长度L≥2.5m时,安全系数低于设计值[Fs]=1.3,而外墙砌体劣化对城墙整体稳定性影响不大,表明夯土的强度对城墙整体稳定性起着决定性作用;(2)拆除2层以上、入侵深度超过3.0m的民居或拆除1层的入侵深度超过2.5m的邻近建筑物时,城墙顶部夯土塑性区几乎贯通至城墙顶部;(3)拆除高2.0m宽超过4.0m的贯通城墙的门洞或层高4.0m宽超过2.5m的贯通城墙的民居时,建筑物顶部以上夯土塑性区贯通至城墙顶部,可能会出现坍塌危险,而拆除断面尺寸低于2.0m×2.0m的贯通城墙的建筑物时,对其城墙稳定性影响不大。     

川西新场气田沙溪庙组浅水三角洲砂体类型与展布特征

砂体类型与分布特征的差异性造就了油气储层发育的非均质性,通过岩心垂向序列特征明确了沙溪庙组砂体成因类型,并综合测井、地震资料刻画了不同类型砂体的空间分布。沙溪庙组浅水三角洲平原发育垂积型主河道、侧积/填积型次河道砂体以及溢岸砂体,前缘发育侧积型近端水下分流河道、填积型远端水下分流河道、进积型河口坝砂体以及席状砂体;平原主河道砂体厚度多大于10 m,宽600~1 800 m,通过同位垂向切叠与侧向等高程切叠而形成毯状连片砂体,次河道砂体多位于主河道侧缘,厚度平均7.5 m,物性较差,并常被主河道切割而零星分布;内前缘近端水下分流河道砂体厚4~8 m,宽500~1 200 m,多错位切叠或拼接接触,呈带状;远端水下分流河道发育于三角洲外前缘,单砂体厚2.5~6 m,宽200~700 m,平面呈鞋带状,砂体孤立;前缘河口坝砂体分布较少,垂向上常被河道切叠;平原相带两类河道砂体的物性差异造成了储层内部的非均质性,而三角洲前缘储层的非均质性更多在于不同类型砂体的迷宫状展布上。     

Rock Mass Characteristics in Beishan, A Preselected Area for China’s High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

Geological and hydrological characteristics, joint geometric features, rock physical and mechanical properties and rock mass quality are studied in the Beishan area, preselected for China’s high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal engineering. A comprehensive survey method is developed to study joint geometric features in the outcrop and samples from borehole BS06 into the Xinchang rock mass were tested. The optimal joint sets are determined by rose diagrams and equal-area lower hemisphere plots of joint poles. Results show that: 1) the distribution of joint occurrence obeys a normal distribution, while the distribution of joint spacing obeys a negative exponential distribution; 2) concentric circular and tangent circular sampling windows are applied to study the trace length and the trace midpoint density. Results indicate that tangent circular sampling window is more stable and reasonable; 3) Beishan granite shows high density, low porosity and high strength based on many laboratory tests and the physical properties and mechanical properties are closely related; and 4) a synthesis index, Joint Structure Rating (JSR), is applied to evaluate the quality of rock mass. Through the research results of rock mass characteristics, the Xinchang rock mass in the Beishan preselected area has the favorable conditions for China’s HLW disposal repository site.     

Geochemistry,Paleoenvironment and Mechanism of Organic-Matter Enrichment in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China

To investigate the mechanism of the organic-matter enrichment in the Lower Longmaxi Formation shale, the geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC) of the Longmaxi Formation black shales in the Jiaoshiba, Zhaotong, and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Paleoproductivity proxy parameters(Babio, Siex, and Ni/Al), clastic influx proxies(TiO_2 and Ti/Al), redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/(V+Ni), and U/Th), and hydrothermal indicators(Fe, Mn,and Y concentrations; Fe/Ti ratio and a Ni-Zn-Co diagram) were employed to decipher the paleoenvironment of the Lower Longmaxi Formation shales. TiO_2 and Ti/Al indicated low terrigenous detrital influx in all three areas. However, Babio, Siex,and Ni/Al indicated high productivity in the Jiaoshiba area. V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th indicated higher oxygen content with larger fluctuations in the Zhaotong and Weiyuan areas. Fe, Mn, and Y concentrations and the Fe/Ti ratio implied greater active hydrothermal activity in the Weiyuan area. These heterogeneities were considered to be closely related to the paleoenvironment and paleogeography, and the large basement faults that developed during the Chuanzhong paleo-uplift could have provided vents for deep-hydrothermal-fluid upwelling. The redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th) and a paleoproductivity proxy(Ni/Al) displayed a significant correlation with the TOC, suggesting that both excellent preservation conditions and high paleoproductivity were the controlling factors for the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale. There was no obvious correlation between the clastic influx proxy(Ti/Al) and the TOC due to the extremely low supply of terrigenous debris. The hydrothermal indicator(Fe/Ti) was negatively correlated with the TOC in the Weiyuan area, indicating that hydrothermal activity may have played a negative role in the accumulation of organic matter. This study suggests that the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation marine shale varied according to the paleogeography and sedimentary environment.     

High‐precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin in Central China

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.     

High Accuracy Ground Magnetic Survey was Applied in the Khammouane Potash Deposit,the Lao P.D.R: An Efficient and Fast Exploration Model of Potash Deposits in Covered Areas

The period and cost of mine exploration in new strange areas are very strict and very little geological data is available. The working area is usually covered by the exuberant vegetation, so the surface observation is very difficult and the working environment is very harsh. This paper introduces the application of high‐precision ground magnetic method to the rapid, efficient and low‐cost prospecting of favourable areas for mineralization in Khammouane Potash Deposit, the Lao P.D.R.     

浙西北建德地区休宁组沉积时限的厘定:来自凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年代学的制约

浙西北建德地区休宁组(原称志棠组)是华南新元古代的重要地层单元之一,但其沉积时限和区域对比关系长期存在争论。本文对采自休宁组下部和上部的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得两件凝灰岩样品的形成年龄分别为785.0±2.8Ma(MSWD=0.85,n=37)和727.5±7.3Ma(MSWD=0.64,n=7)。结合前人研究成果认为,休宁组沉积时限为～800Ma至～728Ma;野外沉积学研究表明,休宁组沉积构造发育,主体属于正常气候条件下的冲积扇和滨浅海(湖)沉积,非南华冰期地层;区域上,休宁组与板溪群及其相当地层的中上部、莲沱组、苏雄组/开建桥组、澄江组沉积时限基本相当,与下冰期(Sturtian冰期)长安组不存在对比关系,应明确为华南"四堡造山运动"不整合面之上、南华冰期之下的一套裂谷充填序列。     

临汾—运城盆地上古生界演化、改造及油气资源潜力分析

临汾—运城盆地位于山西省中南部,属新生代汾渭地堑系的一部分。以往勘探表明,该地区新生界缺乏有效烃源岩和有利生油条件,油气资源潜力不容乐观。但近年来邻区鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地等上古生界天然气勘探的持续突破,为该地区前新生界油气勘探提供了重要启示。本文通过地震、重磁资料解释,并结合近年来区内钻孔资料,较全面地刻画了盆地上古生界的赋存分布状况,指出石炭系—二叠系主要分布在临汾坳陷中—北部和峨嵋隆起区西北部。由周邻露头资料推测,该盆地上古生界煤系烃源岩较为发育,有机质达到中等—高成熟演化阶段。结合后期改造、埋藏史和生烃史模拟、保存条件分析等,认为盆地北部临汾凹陷为煤层气或常规天然气勘探的较有利选区。     

吉林省红旗岭矿区7号岩体群地质特征及对地质找矿的指导意义

红旗岭矿区的南东部存在7、32、33号三个岩体,一般统称为7号岩体群。7号岩体是矿区发现含铜、镍矿最大的岩体,32与33号岩体分布在7号岩体的北西部。通过对这三个岩体的地质特征进行分析,利用3Dmine软件建模技术,对三个岩体、岩相、矿体建立三维模型。对模型进行观察、分析,结合成岩成矿地质理论,发现三个岩体是由来自7号岩体的南东部深部岩浆源生成的,岩浆由7号岩体的南东部深部向北西方向侵入,地质历史上三个岩体是一个大岩体,只是经过长期的风化剥蚀和地质构造改造形成目前的3个岩体,显示7号岩体的南东部深部具有找矿潜力。