桩体复合地基桩、土相互作用的解析法

桩体复合地基的设计中,承载力及沉降的计算一直没有较好地考虑桩、土和垫层的相互作用。根据三者的协同作用,推导出大面积群桩中桩、土的荷载传递基本微分方程并给出其解答。该方法提高了计算速度,土性参数均为常规指标,简便易得。该方法还考虑了桩侧阻随侧向土压力的变化以及垫层、土体压缩模量随压力的变化。与有限元计算结果对比表明了该解答的可行性。能够对桩土分担比以及沉降的计算提供帮助,是一种简便实用的方法。     

渤黄海沿海2月份海平面异常偏高成因分析

使用1980—2010年的水位、气温、海温、气压和风场资料,对中国渤黄海沿海2月份的海平面变化特征以及异常偏高成因进行了探讨,分析结果表明:近30年,渤黄海沿海2月份海平面呈现明显的上升趋势,2009年和2010年2月份的海平面达到近30年的高值,冬季高海平面导致全年平均海平面偏高。近两年2月份海平面处于多个长周期振动的高位重合期,各振幅叠加的结果近100 mm,对海平面起了明显的抬升作用。高海平面使得辽宁、河北以及山东等沿岸地区的海水入侵距离和土壤盐渍化程度均有所增加,海岸侵蚀加重;上海在2009—2010年连续2年2月份发生了近年较严重的咸潮入侵。2009年和2010年2月份,气压较常年同期显著偏低,冬季季风显著偏弱,是海平面上升的主要原因之一。     

大黄鱼病原副溶血弧菌单克隆抗体制备及其应用

用甲醛灭活副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)和溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)制成免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,获得1株特异的针对副溶血弧菌的单克隆抗体,命名为D6F3H5。腹水及培养上清液抗体的ELISA效价分别为:1∶5 120和1∶1 280,该单克隆抗体与其它细菌没有明显的交叉反应。利用该单克隆抗体和兔抗副溶血弧菌多克隆抗体,建立了检测副溶血弧菌的双抗体夹心ELISA方法。该方法对副溶血弧菌的最小检出量为5×104个/mL。用双抗体夹心ELISA检测大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)样品,14尾患病大黄鱼中有11尾检出副溶血弧菌,而10尾健康大黄鱼都没有检出副溶血弧菌。由此可见,本试验制备的高特异性的抗副溶血弧菌单克隆抗体,可以用于患病大黄鱼副溶血弧菌的快速诊断。     

裂缝诱导双相HTI介质地震波场错格伪谱法模拟与波场特征分析

裂缝诱导的双相具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性(HTI)介质模型是由一组平行排列的垂直裂缝嵌入到统计各向同性的流体饱和多孔隙岩石中而组成的,它综合考虑了裂缝型储层岩石的各向异性和孔隙性.高精度的地震波场数值模拟技术是研究该介质中地震波传播规律的主要方法.本文结合错格伪谱法和时间分裂法,求解描述该介质中地震波传播的一阶速度-应力方程.模拟了单层和双层模型中的地震波场,并对其进行了特征分析.研究结果表明:错格伪谱法能有效消除标准网格伪谱法波场模拟结果中出现的数值伪影现象,与时间分裂法结合能够获得稳定的、高精度的模拟结果;裂缝诱导双相HTI介质中的地震波场兼具裂缝各向异性介质和双相介质中传播的地震波的波场特征.     

差应力与岩石熔融性状关系的实验研究

为考察不同应力状态下岩石应变与岩石熔融作用的关系,利用英国Instron公司生产的电液伺服实验系统,配以围压和加温系统设计了动、静态不同条件下细粒闪长岩的对比熔融实验,力图找到差应力与岩石熔融程度及其熔体成分的关系。通过岩石动、静态熔融实验结果的对比得出：差应力的存在能够导致细粒闪长岩的熔融,随着差应力（应变速率）的增加,熔体的量增加,熔体成分向富Si、Al方向转变。     

藏北羌塘戈木错渐新世碱性钾质火山岩中绿核辉石的成因:岩浆补给—混合过程

藏北戈木错渐新世碱性钾质火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶普遍出现正环带、反环带和韵律环带结构,多具有"绿核辉石"的结构特征。通过矿物电子探针测得"绿核辉石"的核部有高Mg#和低Mg#两种不同成分,两者都不同程度发育有筛孔状熔蚀结构,环带结构主要发育在辉石的幔部到边部,与绿色核部存在明显的成分间断,幔部环带结构的成分变化范围相对较窄。"绿核辉石"的成分和结构特征反映了同源碱性钾质岩浆在壳内岩浆房中发生了岩浆补给-混合作用,复杂的环带结构记录了混合岩浆的结晶过程。     

“Digital earth” in support of an online oceanic educational public service and popularization

According to the initial vision of "digital earth" (DE), the public should constitute a significant proportion of its users. However, to date, most of the studies and applications have focused on science, the private sector and government. A DE-supported online oceanic educational public service and popularization system, iOcean, is studied. First, the vision for the public’s engagement with "digital ocean" is described: an analysis is presented from four aspects, i.e., the space dimension, the time dimension, the state dimension and its relationship with human beings. Second, the technical framework of iOcean is discussed, including data updating and model computing, the data, the function, and the application layers. Third, two key technologies are studied in detail that will enable the construction of iOcean. More than half a million public viewers have used the current version’s website. Practical demonstrations show that iOcean can bring virtual oceans to web browsers and desktops and construct a bridge between government departments and the general public.     

两种体色三疣梭子蟹亲缘关系的PCR-SSCP分析

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,其常见体色为茶绿色。近年来在我国东部沿海海域海捕三疣梭子蟹中开始出现体色为紫色的一类梭子蟹,除体色不同外,二者表型特征并无显著差异。为确定两种体色三疣梭子蟹之间的关系,本文对两种体色三疣梭子蟹不同个体的线粒体COl和16srRNA基因进行了比较分析以判定体色的差异是否由于种属的差异引起的。通过对以上两个基因部分序列的SSCP和相关序列测定分析,发现在紫色和茶绿色群体中这两个线粒体保守序列基因的SSCP电泳条带图谱相似,序列分析表明COl和16srRNA基因在两种体色三疣梭子蟹群体中的核苷酸序列相似度分别为99．81％和99．91％。以上结果表明,紫色三疣梭子蟹并未发生亚种的分化,即紫色和茶绿色群体属于同一个种。此外,紫色梭子蟹群体的线粒体DNA序列在进化关系上较茶绿色群体更为保守。     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.     

浅地层剖面仪在港池探测中的应用

介绍了3200XS型浅地层剖面仪工作原理及其数据处理过程,在港池开挖前进行浅地层剖面测量可以详细了解港池内各地层单元的分布和埋深,并对区内的灾害地质体或者障碍物进行有效识别,以保障施工安全和节约工程支出;结合海南某港池的浅剖探测实例,分析了该港池的地层单元划分及地层内物质识别,针对浅地层剖面测量前发射参数的选择和测量中的多次回波、调头区变形等问题等进行了探讨。