固体废弃物配施改良沙漠土的可行性研究——以陕西省榆林市为例

本文利用粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对毛乌素沙漠南缘的沙漠土进和地土壤改良实验,以玉米盆栽试验效果探讨了可行性,实现了国内外首次用固体废弃物配施改良沙漠土的实验研究.结果表明:1)添加固体废弃物使土壤养分含量显著提高,有害元素均低于土壤环境质量要求的标准,C/N值符合土壤栽培要求;2)大大改善了土壤的物理性质,使沙漠土容重降低,孔隙度增加,保水保肥性明显提高,pH明显降低,节约用水45%-48%;3)将本区沙漠土(松沙土)发行为沙壤土和轻壤土.实验对于旱缺水的的沙漠进行农作物种植、恢复生态环境有重要意义,也使固体废弃物得以资源化利用.     

基于元数据的语义识别搜索方法的研究与实现

搜索技术是当前网络领域中最为热门的研究领域,搜索引擎的好坏在很大程度上决定了用户使用网络资源的效率高低。搜索引擎的效率主要是取决于系统对用户输入检索词的解析与识别。因此一个好的搜索引擎需要能够对用户输入的信息进行语义解析,准确有效地对用户意图进行识别、解析与理解,并为用户返回最为合适的搜索结果。本文设计开发了一种基于元数据的网络搜索语义识别算法,并成功应用于中国可持续发展信息共享系统中,建立基于可持续发展元数据的搜索引擎,对用户的不同需求提供不同的元数据搜索方式,最终根据可持续发展共享数据与元数据的映射关系,实现由基于数据分类存储模式的数据共享服务转变为以元数据搜索为驱动的数据共享服务模式,为用户提供了高效的可持续发展元数据搜索引擎,极大提高了中国可持续发展信息共享系统的数据共享服务能力。     

基于倒谱分析的散焦模糊图像参数识别

介绍一种倒谱分析方法,使计算机能较好地识别散焦模糊参数.在频域中应用了一些调整性算法,再变换到倒谱域来分析,以得到更好的识别准确率.     

生态环境质量评价体系建设的探讨

针对党的十八大提出的生态文明建设新要求,通过对生态环境质量的科学内涵、国内外研究现状、生态环境质量评价体系建设的深入分析,提出了目前我国生态环境质量评价工作中在评价指标体系建立、评价指标选择和评价结果上存在的主要问题。在制定科学生态环境质量评价原则的基础上,建立了涵盖山、水、林、田、气等5个方面的生态环境质量评价指标体系和不同等级评价指标,这些指标具有简单明了、客观易得、计算方便等特点。以2014年吉林省为例进行了试评价,评价结果与实际情况比较一致,可将此评价结果列入生态文明建设考核指标体系,以促进生态环境的良性治理。     

Geostatistical Simulation with a Trend Using Gaussian Mixture Models

Geostatistics applies statistics to quantitatively describe geological sites and assess the uncertainty due to incomplete sampling. Strong assumptions are required regarding the location independence of statistical parameters to construct numerical models with geostatistical tools. Most geological data exhibit large-scale deterministic trends together with short-scale variations. Such location dependence violates the common geostatistical assumption of stationarity. The trend-like deterministic features should be modeled prior to conventional geostatistical prediction and accounted for in subsequent geostatistical calculations. The challenge of using a trend in geostatistical simulation algorithms for the continuous variable is the subject of this paper. A stepwise conditional transformation with a Gaussian mixture model is considered to provide a stable and artifact-free numerical model. The complex features of the regionalized variable in the presence of a trend are removed in the forward transformation and restored in the back transformation. The Gaussian mixture model provides a seamless bin-free approach to transformation. Data from a copper deposit were used as an example. These data show an apparent trend unsuitable for conventional geostatistical algorithms. The result shows that the proposed algorithm leads to improved geostatistical models.     

Farmland function evolution in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain: Processes,patterns and mechanisms

Using counties as the basic analysis unit, this study established an evaluation index system for farmland function (FF) from economic, social, and ecological perspectives. The method combining entropy weighting and multiple correlation coefficient weighting was adopted to determine the weights, and the FF indices were calculated for each county. Subsequently, the spatio-temporal characteristics of farmland function evolution (FFE) were analyzed and the coupled relationships between the sub-functions were explored based on a coupling coordination model. At the same time, the dynamic mechanism of FFE was quantitatively analyzed using a spatial econometric regression analysis method. The following major conclusions were drawn: (1) The farmland economic function generally exhibited a declining trend during 1990–2010, and it is essential to point out that it was stronger in underdeveloped and agriculture-dominated counties, while it continuously weakened in developed areas. Farmland social function decreased in 60.29% of the counties, whereas some counties, which were mostly located in north of Zhengzhou and west of Dezhou and Cangzhou, Yantai, and Weihai, clearly increased. A dramatic decline in farmland ecological function occurred around Beijing, Tianjin, and Jinan. Areas located in the northern part of Henan Province and the central part of Shandong Province saw an increase in ecological function. (2) There was a significant spatial difference in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the sub-functions, and the decoupling phenomenon highlighted this. The changes in social function and ecological function lagged behind economic function in developed areas, but these were highly coupled in some underdeveloped areas. (3) FFE in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) is resulted from the comprehensive effects of regional basic conditions and external driving factors. Furthermore, the transitions of population and industry under urbanization and industrialization played a decisive role in the evolution intensity and direction of farmland sub-systems, including the economy, society, and the ecology. According to the results mentioned above, promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture should be regarded as an important engine driving sustainable development in the HHHP. Taking different regional characteristics of FFE into account, differentiated and diversified farmland use and management plans should be implemented from more developed urban areas to underdeveloped traditional agricultural areas.     

Assessment and determinants of per capita household CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions (PHCEs) based on capital city level in China

Household CO₂ emissions were increasing due to rapid economic growth and different household lifestyle. We assessed per capita household CO₂ emissions (PHCEs) based on different household consuming demands (including clothing, food, residence, transportation and service) by using provincial capital city level survey data in China. The results showed that: (1) there was a declining trend moving from eastward to westward as well as moving from northward to southward in the distribution of PHCEs. (2) PHCEs from residence demand were the largest which accounted for 44% of the total. (3) Correlation analysis and spatial analysis (Spatial Lag Model (SLM) and Spatial Error Model (SEM)) were used to evaluate the complex determinants of PHCEs. Per capita income (PI) and household size (HS) were analyzed as the key influencing factors. We concluded that PHCEs would increase by 0.2951% and decrease by 0.5114% for every 1% increase in PI and HS, respectively. According to the results, policy-makers should consider household consuming demand, income disparity and household size on the variations of PHCEs. The urgency was to improve technology and change household consuming lifestyle to reduce PHCEs.     

敦煌湖泊湿地生态系统地表辐射平衡特征

利用2013年干旱环境背景下敦煌湖泊湿地生态系统的辐射数据,分析了该地区的辐射变化特征。结果表明：不同的天气背景,各辐射分量的日变化过程差异较大,晴天变化曲线呈平滑的单峰型,多云天气平滑度不如晴天,阴天、雨天和沙尘天气呈现了不规则的多峰型变化;各季辐射通量的日变化都呈单峰型,但收入量差异较大,极值出现的时间也不相同。向下短波辐射、向上和向下长波辐射、净辐射月总量的变化表现出明显的季节性,夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季,向上短波辐射的月总量的季节变化不太明显。各辐射分量日平均值具有明显的季节性,夏、春季较大,秋、冬季较小,最大值出现在6月或7月,最小值出现在12月或1月。生长季的地表反照率要低于非生长季,各季日平均反照率都是早晚高,中午低,呈"U"型。     

近40a贵州主汛期降水时空变化及其异常年低频特征分析

选取1977—2016年国家气象信息中心提供的贵州82站逐日降水资料,利用合成分析、显著性检验、小波分析、带通滤波等方法,分析了近40 a贵州5—8月(简称主汛期,下同)降水的时空分布特征,以及典型涝年、典型旱年的低频降水特征。结果表明:贵州主汛期降水呈现明显的年代际变化特征,其多年平均总降水量呈现南多北少的趋势,总降水量大值区主要集中在贵州的西南部地区(六盘水市、安顺市中西部和黔西南州西部)。典型涝年和典型旱年的平均主汛期总降水量以西南部最为明显,且各自主汛期降水的低频振荡周期差别不明显;10～20 d是贵州主汛期降水普遍存在的显著低频周期,典型涝年存在30～40 d低频周期,典型旱年存在较弱的35～45 d低频周期,低频降水主要发生在6月和7月。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton diversity and its relation to water environmental factors in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, China

To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communities and the environmental properties of the surface waters surrounding the Five Southern Islands of Miaodao Archipelago were investigated, based on seasonal field survey conducted from November 2012 to August 2013. During the survey, a total of 109 phytoplankton species from 3 groups were identified in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, of which 77 were diatoms, 29 were dinoflagellates, and 3 were chrysophytes. Species number was higher in winter (73), moderate in autumn (70), but lower in summer (31) and spring (27). The species richness index in autumn (5.92) and winter (4.28) was higher than that in summer (2.83) and spring (1.41). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was high in autumn (2.82), followed by winter (1.99) and summer (1.92), and low in spring (0.07). The species evenness index in autumn (0.46) and summer (0.39) was higher than that in winter (0.32) and spring (0.02). On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in spring, COD in summer, pH in autumn, and salinity and oil pollutant in winter, respectively, showed the strongest association with the distribution of phytoplankton diversity. The spatial heterogeneity of the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago was quite obvious, and three zones, i.e., northeastern, southwestern and inter-island water area, were identified by cluster analysis (CA) based on key environmental variables.