砂岩型铀矿勘查样品中铀的野外快速测定方法研究

本文研究并建立了适合野外条件下快速测定砂岩型铀矿勘查试样中铀的分析方法———密闭酸溶试样、钒酸铵容量法测定铀。采用密闭增压酸溶样, 可使粒度小于0 25 mm的试样分解完全;小体积容量法提高了测定灵敏度。配合不同浓度的标准溶液可适应不同含量范围铀的测定。方法经标准物质和吐哈工区试样验证, 准确度和精度较高, 且操作简单, 适应性广, 具有实用和推广价值。     

中天山、伊犁及塔里木地块开始参与Rodinia超大陆聚合过程早于新元古代?

长久以来,中国主要陆块被普遍认为比世界其他陆块开始参与罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合的时间较晚,为新元古代早期。为了探讨此问题,我们选择中国中天山、伊犁及塔里木地块作为主要研究对象,系统分析了新元古代早期(1.0～0.8Ga)的构造变形及岩浆特征。新元古代早期构造变形主要表现为拉伸线理近平行于造山带方向,反映了后造山陆内走滑剪切过程。1.0～0.8Ga的岩浆岩皆为较小规模花岗岩,未见基性包体,矿物组合中基本无角闪石,具有高钾钙碱性和过铝质特征,并含有大量捕获老锆石,说明古老基底或重熔地壳的显著参与。岩石源区主要为重熔基性下地壳,在构造背景判别图上基本落在后造山环境。锆石Ti及全岩Zr温度计算结果显示这些岩体的结晶温度普遍偏高,约800℃。结合已有区域地质资料,我们认为:①在新元古代原塔里木陆块(包括早期中天山、伊犁及塔里木地块)已经位于罗迪尼亚超大陆内部,1.0～0.8Ga变形及岩浆记录皆反映了原塔里木陆块与其它陆块碰撞后的构造事件;②由于超大陆聚合后的热毯效应使得新元古代早期花岗岩结晶温度偏高;③中天山、伊犁及现今塔里木地块最初参与罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚的时间应早于新元古代(1.0Ga)。     

复合加筋排水褥垫加固路基有限元计算

复合加筋排水褥垫是针对沿海缺砂地区开发的,具有水平排水与加筋作用的一项新型专利技术,可取代软基加固中的排水砂垫层。采用二维平面应变Biot固结有限元模型对复合加筋排水褥垫软土路堤进行了数值模拟,结果表明复合加筋排水褥垫可以满足水平排水要求,另外与传统的水平排水砂垫层相比,该技术可降低地基附加正应力和超孔隙水压力,有效抑制路基侧向变形的发展,减小路基沉降与不均匀沉降,提高路基稳定性,加筋效果显著。     

西藏冈底斯带中南部与俯冲有关的早侏罗世花岗闪长岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

肖打松多花岗闪长岩位于西藏冈底斯花岗岩带中段以南,主要岩石类型有:细中粒黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒含斑黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)=61.58％～72.16％,w(K2O)/w(Na2O) =0.64～1.15,相对富钠,A/CNK=1.25...     

Geochronology of the Dong Tso Ophiolite and the Tectonic Environment

The wedge shaped Dong Tso ophiolitic block is distributed near the transition point from the western to the middle sub-belt of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.The ophiolite is characterized by well-developed cumulate rocks that are mainly composed of cumulate and massive gabbros.In the cumulate gabbros,the adcumulate amphiboles are distributed extensively around the plagioclase and residual pyroxene grains; hence,the rocks are named adcumulate amphibole-gabbro.In this study,the formation age of the ophiolite has been estimated to be 166 ± 4 million years （Ma） by the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe （SHRIMP） Ⅱ U-Pb isotopic analysis of the zircons from the adcumulate amphibole-gabbro; the 40Ar/39Ar plateau age was estimated to be 148.19 ± 1.53 Ma,which should represent the emplacement time of the ophiolite,by isotopic dating of the pure amphibole mineral from the amphibole-schist.Two different suits of volcanic lavas have been recognized in this work.The purple colored pillow basalts have high TiO2 and P2O5 contents,and are rich in light rare earth elements （LREEs）,large-ion lithospheric elements （LILEs） and high-field-strength elements （HFSEs）,the characteristics that are the typical of the oceanic island basalt （OIB）.On the other hand,other massive basaltic andesites of celadon color are poor in MgO; rich in Fe2O3,LREEs,LILEs,and HFSEs; and especially characterized by negative Nb and Ta anomalies,the properties that establish the andesites as continental arc volcanic rocks.It is concluded that hotspots had developed in the old Dong Tso basin,the oceanic basin that had been developing from middle Jurassic （166 Ma） or even before and emplaced northward in late Jurassic （about 148 Ma）.     

Cretaceous Sandbody Characters at Shallow‐Water Lake Delta Front and the Sedimentary Dynamic Process Analysis in Songliao Basin,China

Based on the abundant information from drilling, cores, and logging, the influence of topography, size of rivers and lakes, climate changes and the lake level’s fluctuation on the sandbodies at shallow-water delta front are systematically summarized and the sedimentary dynamic processes are analyzed. The interwell communication among the sandbodies and their planar distribution revealed from the hydrodynamic features of the development wells are integrated during the analysis. The fundamental requirements for the development of the shallow-water delta included flat topography and uniform subsiding rate. The delta plain was connected smoothly with the wide delta front and predelta, without the three-fold structure of topset, foreset, and bottomset as defined in the Gilbert Delta Model. Because of the weak fluvial effect and the lake energy is strong, the small and scattered shallow-water delta is destroyed by the scouring-backwashing, coastal current, and lake wave, resulting in the coastal sheet deposition. As the fluvial effect became stronger and the lake energy became weaker, the shape of the shallow-water deltas transferred from sheets to lumps and then branches.     

内蒙古宝音图晚二叠世—晚三叠世花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境

宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。     

CCSD主孔金红石与石榴子石中锆石包裹体的Hf元素地球化学特征

本文样品是采自中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔的含金红石榴辉岩,在这些样品中常常含有锆石副矿物,锆石可以呈粒间矿物存在,也可以包裹在其他矿物(如石榴子石、金红石)中。背散射电子图像(BSE)显示这些锆石包裹体的亮度较弱,颗粒较小(约10~30μm),发育多晶面,晶体内部结构和成分均匀。采用能谱分析(EDS)方法来测量锆石的元素成分含量,结果表明:1这些锆石具有很高的Hf含量,金红石中达到1.51%~2.45%,石榴子石中为1.77%~2.13%;2Zr/Hf值约为35.92,比一般的基性原岩中的锆石的Zr/Hf值明显要低,这些特征说明它们很可能是形成在超高压条件下的变质锆石。     

陕西省华阳川铀铌铅矿床碳酸岩岩石学及地球化学特征

陕西省华阳川铀铌铅矿床是小秦岭成矿带中成矿特征最为独特的矿床,碳酸岩脉的破碎带是重要的成矿空间。未矿化的碳酸岩中矿物以方解石为主,其他矿物很少;发育铀矿化的碳酸岩脉中矿物种类繁多,大部分为方解石,其次为角闪石、金云母、榍石、褐帘石、铌钛铀矿、重晶石、磷灰石、石英、磁铁矿、碱性长石等矿物。碳酸岩的LREE含量异常高,δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值显示典型的火成碳酸岩特征。基于碳酸岩脉的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb-143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr)的关系图,初步判断华阳川铀铌铅碳酸岩脉是源于EMI的碱性硅酸盐-碳酸盐熔体-溶液结晶分异的产物。     

湖南雪峰山地区沈家垭金矿成矿学及年代学研究

湘西沈家垭大型金矿是雪峰山地区颇具代表性的金矿床介绍,矿体分布于新元古界板溪群马底驿组第四岩性段中,矿化作用严格受北东东向沃溪和香草湾等深大断裂和唐浒坪复式背斜的联合控制。本次研究获得该矿床含金石英脉RbSr等时线年龄为90.6±3.2Ma,表明成矿作用发生于晚白垩世,成矿作用可能与燕山期区域性大规模的逆冲推覆作用密切相关,矿床成因类型为构造热液型。