应用烃类流体包裹体GOI和成分研究凝析气藏成藏过程：以准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区为例

The Grains containing Oil Inclusions(GOI)data in currently gas/condensate-beating Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of Well Pen 5(the Mosuowan area of central Junggar Basin,NW China)are generally greater than the empirical threshold line of 5%.This is consistent with the gas-condensate section originally containing a palaeo-oil column.In order to assess the origin of the oil trapped in the oil inclusion and its relationship to the free oil/gas-condensate,a detailed molecular geochemical study was carried out for correlation between the free and inclusion oils.The paleo oil is most likely sourced from the Lower Permian Fengeheng Formation,which generated hydrocarbons primarily during Late Triassic and the oils were later secondarily altered and dysmigrated along faults likely during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.In contrast,the current reservoired oil/gas-condensate mainly derived from the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation,whose peak generation time last from Late Cretaceous even to the present.This paper showed that integrated oil-bearing fluid inclusion analyses have likely allowed a complex multi-phase charge history to be recognized and resolved with a high degree of confidence.     

Determination of nitrate in seawater: Nitrate to nitrite reduction with copper-cadmium alloy

Determination of nitrate in seawater first requires its reduction to nitrite. Construction of a reductor column for use during continuous flow analysis at sea is described. Novel use is made of an alloy of cadmium and copper ($\text{50}\text{50}\text{w}\text{w}$) crushed to between 500 and 350 μm. Its performance is similar to that of the cadmium wire type of reductor but offers advantages of easier preparation and control of reductor volume.     

A method of differential field photometry by video-photographic image subtraction

A method is presented for subtracting two sequential images by a video technique. This procedure is applied to detect both rotational line-of-sight effects, and velocity fields around an active region (McMath plage No. 10181). The standard deviation of a velocity measurement was found to be ± 0.4 km/sec. This method appears to offer some advantages compared with the photographic subtraction process.     

Bulge Migration and Pinnacle Reef Development, Devonian Appalachian Foreland Basin

Detailed stratigraphic analyses of Late Emsian and Early Eifelian (Lower to Middle Devonian) carbonate-dominated strata in the northern Appalachian Basin indicate anomalous, locally varying relative sea level changes and inversions of topography. The distribution of a major basal-bounding unconformity, basinal pinnacle reefs, local absence of parasequences, and eastward migration of shallow marine carbonate lithofacies and related biofacies in the Onondaga Limestone and underlying strata mark the retrograde migration of an elongate, northeast-southwest-trending area of positive relief, bordered on its cratonward side by a similarly migrating basin of intermediate depth. These features are thought to represent the forebulge and back-bulge basin of the Appalachian foreland basin system as it developed during a time of relative quiescence within the Acadian Orogeny. However, the relatively small size of the bulgelike feature (ca. 80-100-km-wide, 20-50-m positive relief), its great distance from the probable deformation front (>400 km), and the lack of a well-developed foredeep immediately adjacent to the bulgelike feature may indicate that it represents a smaller-scale flexural high ("flexural welt") superposed over the cratonward edge of the larger-scale classical forebulge of the basin. Development of shallow-water reefs on the crest of the bulge during sea level lowstand, followed by migration of the bulge and widespread transgression, permitted growth of economically significant pinnacle reefs in the deep basin center. Further subsurface reef exploration should concentrate along the projected position of the bulge during the basal Onondaga lowstand.     

Deeply Penetrating Banded Zonal Flows in the Solar Convection Zone

We discuss the spectrum arising from synchrotron emission by fast cooling (FC) electrons, when fresh electrons are continually accelerated by a strong blast wave, into a power-law distribution of energies. The FC spectrum has so far been described by four power-law segments divided by three break frequencies nusa相似文献   

Re‐creation of the 1744 Heylyn and Frye ceramic patent wares using Cherokee clay: Implications for raw materials,kiln conditions,and the earliest English porcelain production

Porcelain wares have been produced following the directions contained in the Heylyn and Frye patent of 1744, using Cherokee clay and a lime‐alkali glass frit. The wares were fired to the bisque (˜ 950°C), glazed using a clay‐glass mixture, and then fired to a “heat‐work” level of Orton cone 9–90° deflection at 150°C per hour (1279°C). Modal mineralogy comprises Caplagioclase and two glass phases, one relict frit and the other a melt phase. The bulk chemistry of the body comprises 64.3 wt % SiO₂, 21.7 wt % Al₂O₃, and 5.6 wt % CaO. Molecular ratios are SiO₂:Al₂O₃ 5.0 and SiO₂:CaO 10.7. It is concluded that the patent, whose significance has been questioned over many years, was a practical working recipe, that close comparison may be made with porcelains of the “A”‐marked group, and that the patent represents a remarkable landmark in English ceramic history. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Modelling the spectra of colliding winds in the Wolf–Rayet WC7+O binaries WR 42 and WR 79

We have obtained complete phase coverage of the WC7+O binaries WR 42 = HD 97152 and WR 79 = HD 152270 with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), moderate-resolution spectra. Remarkable orbital phase-locked profile variations of the C  iii λ 5696 line are observed and interpreted as arising from colliding wind effects. Within this scenario, we have modelled the spectra using a purely geometrical model that assumes a cone-shaped wind–wind interaction region which partially wraps around the O star. Such modelling holds the exciting promise of revealing a number of interesting parameters for WR+O binaries, such as the orbital inclination, the streaming velocity of material in the interaction region and the ratio of wind momentum flux. Knowledge of these parameters in turn leads to the possibility of a better understanding of WR star masses, mass-loss rates and wind region characteristics.     

Extraterrestrial amino acids and L‐enantiomeric excesses in the CM2 carbonaceous chondrites Aguas Zarcas and Murchison

The abundances, distributions, enantiomeric ratios, and carbon isotopic compositions of amino acids in two fragments of the Aguas Zarcas CM2 type carbonaceous chondrite fall and a fragment of the CM2 Murchison meteorite were determined via liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry. A suite of two‐ to six‐carbon aliphatic primary amino acids was identified in the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites with abundances ranging from ~0.1 to 158 nmol/g. The high relative abundances of α‐amino acids found in these meteorites are consistent with a Strecker‐cyanohydrin synthesis on these meteorite parent bodies. Amino acid enantiomeric and carbon isotopic measurements in both fragments of the Aguas Zarcas meteorites indicate that both samples experienced some terrestrial protein amino acid contamination after their fall to Earth. In contrast, similar measurements of alanine in Murchison revealed that this common protein amino acid was both racemic (D ≈ L) and heavily enriched in ¹³C, indicating no measurable terrestrial alanine contamination of this meteorite. Carbon isotope measurements of two rare non‐proteinogenic amino acids in the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites, α‐aminoisobutyric acid and D‐ and L‐isovaline, also fall well outside the typical terrestrial range, confirming they are extraterrestrial in origin. The detections of non‐terrestrial L‐isovaline excesses of ~10–15% in both the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites, and non‐terrestrial L‐glutamic acid excesses in Murchison of ~16–40% are consistent with preferential enrichment of circularly polarized light generated L‐amino acid excesses of conglomerate enantiopure crystals during parent body aqueous alteration and provide evidence of an early solar system formation bias toward L‐amino acids prior to the origin of life.     

Book reviews

Folsom: New Archaeological Investigations of a Classic Paleoindian Bison Kill. David J. Meltzer, 2006, University of California Press, Berkeley, California, xiv _ 374 pp., $55.00 (hardcover)