意大利威尼斯泻湖的自然特性和水体循环

威尼斯泻湖位于意大利北部,亚得里亚海边,是意大利最大的泻湖,水面面积约550 km2,平均水深1.1 m.入湖的陆地流域1 877 km2,每年流入泻湖淡水约900 Mm3.泻湖通过3个潮流通道与海洋交换水体和能量;因此,它传统上被分成3个水下盆地,每1个水下盆地对应一个潮流通道,一个潮周期内大量海水流进流出,总量相当于泻湖总容量的三分之一(Ga(c)i (c)等,2004).淡水通过许多支流注入泻湖,携大量的营养物质,这些物质主要沉积在北部泻湖地区(Zonta等,2001).最重要的支流位于泻湖的北面,这个区域2001年曾接受了超过总量50%的沉积物.同样,在泻湖区,有一个巨大的工厂,是意大利最重要的工业区之一.这些工业区是意大利热量、淡水和营养的重要来源.     

Seasonal variations of exposure biomarkers, oxidative stress responses and cell damage in the clams, Tapes philippinarum, and mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, from Adriatic sea

This work investigated the natural variability of several biomarkers in Tapes philippinarum and Mytilus galloprovincialis, sampled from Northern Adriatic where these organisms are important sentinel species for future environmental impact assessment. Levels of metallothioneins, peroxisomal enzymes and acetylcholinesterase, showed a significant seasonality and marked differences between clams and mussels. Among antioxidant enzymes, catalase and GST decreased during the warmer period, the latter enzyme activity resulting particularly high in clams. The total oxyradical scavenging capacity toward peroxyl radicals decreased in mussels from winter to summer, indicating a prooxidant challenge due to higher seawater temperature and intensity of light irradiance. Lysosomal membrane stability did not exhibit significant seasonal variations, while some variations were observed for DNA damages. Overall results indicated a significant influence of seasonal variability on several biomarkers and species-specific differences which should be considered to discriminate the appearance of anthropogenic disturbance.     

Differential gene expression in the brain of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on Sebastiscus marmoratus were investigated using a suppression subtractive hybridization method. A total of 108 gene sequences were identified as having the potential for being differentially expressed, and 45 could be identified with homologous database sequences. Functions with which they were associated included long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release, neuroendocrine, mitosis and cell proliferation, energy-related metabolism, general metabolism, signal protein, hemopoiesis system, immune system, and structure. The expression of 17 of these genes was analyzed in the brain using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The present study provided a basis for studying the response of fish to PCB exposure and allowed the characterization of new potential neurotoxicol biomarkers of PCB contamination in seawater.     

Near-field dispersion of produced formation water (PFW) in the Adriatic Sea: an integrated numerical-chemical approach

Produced formation waters (PFWs), a by-product of both oil and gas extraction, are separated from hydrocarbons onboard oil platforms and then discharged into the sea through submarine outfalls. The dispersion of PFWs into the environment may have a potential impact on marine ecosystems. We reproduce the initial PFW-seawater mixing process by means of the UM3 model applied to offshore natural gas platforms currently active in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Chemical analyses lead to the identification of a chemical tracer (diethylene glycol) which enables us to follow the fate of PFWs into receiving waters. The numerical simulations are realized in different seasonal conditions using both measured oceanographic data and tracer concentrations. The numerical results show the spatial and temporal plume development in different stratification and ambient current conditions. The analytical approach measures concentrations of the diethylene glycol at a maximum sampling distance of 25 m. The results show a good agreement between field observations and model predictions in the near-field area. The integration of numerical results with chemical analyses also provides new insight to plan and optimize PFW monitoring and discharge.     

Efficient Approximate Method of Global Reliability Analysis for Offshore Platforms in the Ice Zone

Ice load is the dominative load in the design of offshore platforms in the ice zone, and the extreme ice load is the key factor that affects the safety of platforms. The present paper studies the statistical properties of the global resistance and the extreme responses of the jacket platforms in Bahai Bay, considering the randomness of ice load, dead load, steel elastic modulus, yield strength and structural member dimensions. Then, based on the above results, an efficient approximate method of the global reliability analysis for the offshore platforms is proposed, which converts the implicit nonlinear performance function in the conventional reliability analysis to linear explicit one. Finally, numerical examples of JZ20-2 MSW, JZ20-2NW and JZ20-2 MUQ offshore jacket platforms in the Bahai Bay demonstrate the satisfying efficiency, accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.     

亚得里亚海Po陆架上的现代沉积

在地质年代中,陆缘海是主要的沉积环境,其活跃的沉积作用形成了大量地层保存于古沉积岩中。为了准确解释古地层形成过程与事件,对现代沉积过程（本文定义〈100a）的深刻理解至关重要,因此,对亚得里亚海沉积作用的研究是一次非常有益的探索。     

对《中国国家自然地图集》的评价

1999年出版了中国国家自然地图集,它是反映中国自然、社会、历史、经济和文化系列国家地图集的一部分。该图集用中(2500册)英(1000册)文出版。中国国家自然地图集的工作在1956年由周恩来总理直接领导编制的“科学发展十二年规划”中就开始了。于1958年开始图集的设计工作。按设计要求,图集由四卷组成:即普通地图集、自然地图集、历史地图集、经济地图集。1965年出版了中华人民共和国自然地图集。普通地图集没有全部完成,于1969年出版了“中华人民共和国分省地图”。     

朝鲜海峡南部中陆架海侵沙脊在高能环境中的形成和发育

1　地质背景研究区为韩国海南部水深 60 ~ 100 m 的中陆架中部。韩国海南部陆架为构造上稳定、冰后期被淹没的浅水陆架(水深<120 m),陆源碎屑沉积厚。这些厚层沉积物显示了区域倾斜的前积层层理,表明它们为三角洲来源或浅水来源,尤其是晚第四纪沉积形成高频沉积层序,包含了一套与末次海平面循环(< 30 000aBP)相响应的低海面、海侵和高海面沉积(Yooand Park,2000)。低海面和高海面沉积分别位于外陆架和内陆架,而海侵沉积在陆架上分布广。海侵沉积可分为 5 个地层单元(Yoo andPark,2000),包括:①中陆架海侵层;②中陆架沙脊;③横切水道填…     

利用叶绿素资料计算初级生产力

海水中浮游植物叶绿素浓度是海洋生物调查中的一个重要观测参数。它不仅是表征浮游植物生物量的一个指标，而且利用它与浮游植物光合作用之间的相互关系还可以估算水域初级生产力。目前许多学者正致力于利用叶绿素资料计算初级生产力的研究．本文阐述了根据叶绿素浓度计算初级生产力的方法：Ryther－Yentsch模式、生态学数理模式和遥感模式。文章对方法应用中的一些问题作出了分析讨论。