塔西南玄武岩年代学和地球化学特征及其对二叠纪地幔柱岩浆演化的制约

塔里木盆地为天山、昆仑和阿尔金造山带所围绕,其地质构造和演化历史非常复杂.从岩浆作用发育特征看,二叠纪是塔里木盆地岩浆作用最发育的时期,广泛分布的二叠纪玄武岩类不仅在盆地内(巴楚)和周边(阿克苏、柯坪和库鲁克塔格)的露头区大量出露,而且在盆地内部的石油钻井和地球物理探测中也有大量揭示(贾承造,1997;杨树锋等,1996;陈汉林等,1997b;姜常义等,2004a,b;杨树锋等,2006;Yang et al.,2006,2007),且其分布面积约20万km2.     

Effects of infauna harvesting on tidal flats of a coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa, Portugal): implications on phosphorus dynamics

The systematic collection of benthic organisms in tidal flats of coastal lagoons should be taken into account for the management of these systems, once sediment disturbance affects biogeochemical processes by favouring pore water renewal during tidal inundation. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of infauna harvesting on the phosphorus dynamics of muddy and sandy intertidal areas in the Ria Formosa. Sediment cores and overlying water were collected during August 2000 and February 2001 from reworked and undisturbed sediment before and after flooding. Results obtained showed that during the first minutes of flooding there was a marked decrease of phosphate in pore water of disturbed sediments. However, phosphate tidal fluxes from sandy sediment were clearly higher (17 nmol cm(-2) d(-1) in summer and 3 nmol cm(-2) d(-1) in winter) than in muddy sediment (0.4 nmol cm(-2) d(-1) in summer and -0.01 nmol cm(-2) d(-1) in winter). After muddy sediment disturbance concentrations of iron oxides increased quickly (from 5 to 16 micromol g(-1)) and phosphate was sorbed onto these iron oxides, resulting in a buffering of phosphate pore water concentrations at low values in the oxidized sediment zone. The estimated P-output from muddy sediment decreased one to two orders of magnitude after sediment disturbance in contrast to sandy sediments in which the impact of infauna harvesting was minimal. Consequently, the P-cycle is influenced by the disruption of muddy habitats in tide-driven systems. Such information could be useful for the management of the lagoon.     

亚平宁（意大利）中南部地震之间静态应力相互作用的证据

计算了发生在亚平宁山脉（意大利）的几个地震所导致的静态应力变化。与断层流动有关的静态应力运用Ｏｋａｄａ（１９９２）提供的公式计算。形成１９８０年伊尔波尼亚Ｍｓ＝６．９主震的３个子事件造成的静态应力变化表明,每个子事件都连续地被前面的子事件所触发。而且,这个复杂断层事件的余震与库仑应力增加的区域有很好的相关性。区域应力与主震产生的局部应力变化之间的相互作用导致了比预想的更宽些的余震分布,并且震源机制     

溶蚀空间形成及中国与世界其它地区碳酸盐岩近期溶蚀量对比分析

碳酸盐岩次生渗透性是成岩作用、构造作用、水动力作用及生物化学作用的综合结果。在这些作用影响下,有的岩溶形态发育相当快,因此,了解溶蚀速度对于更好地理解岩溶水文地质问题是很重要的, 本文在评价当前碳酸敖岩溶蚀速度几种方法的基础上,对近年来从中国和世界几个其它岩溶地区获得的碳酸盐岩溶蚀观测资料进行了对比。结果表明,气候条件对碳酸盐岩溶蚀速度有明显影响。      

地震预警:ShakeAlert在太平洋西北部的应用

对地震预警算法ElarmS-2(地震报警系统第二版)在太平洋西北部的应用效果进行了评估。本文数据来源于美国俄勒冈州、加利福尼亚州、华盛顿州和加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省(这里的3州1省即本文所指太平洋西北部——译注,下同)的实时监测数据和历史地震数据。在测试的地震中,矩震级最大的为7.2级,这也是ElarmS-2算法可以精确测量的最大震级。在台网范围内,ElarmS-2可以准确检测到台网内编目震级大于等于3级的地震,但是对于发生在海上或台网边缘的地震,ElarmS-2能准确识别的事件的截止震级会偏高。对ElarmS-2算法进行若干调整后,降低了发出错误的多重警报的概率。通过模拟历史地震事件,发现新的配置改善了发生在台网边缘的地震事件的算法的性能,而且不会影响台网密集区域的地震事件良好约束的解。我们希望误报数量减少,而且不会误报大地震事件。虽然ElarmS-2假设固定的震源深度,但是震中距和震级估计值仍然是足够准确的,可以提供对震动强度的准确预测。     

用经验格林函数方法模拟汶川M_W7.9地震的强地震动

汶川M_W7.9地震的发生震惊了中国乃至全世界,不仅仅因为该地震震级巨大,还因为其可怕的伤亡。评估汶川M_W7.9地震的复杂性及破坏力需对其地震特征进行研究。本文运用经验格林函数方法(EGF)模拟了地震的强地震动。首先,选取了4个震级为M_W4.9和M_W5.0的余震,对这些余震的运动利用格林函数进行了模拟。通过模拟,可以估算出包括断层规模和应力降在内的余震震源参数。然后,通过试错法正演模拟得出M_W7.9地震凹凸体(强震动生成区)的震源模型。为验证该震源模型的准确性,运用经验格林函数方法模拟合成了9个台站的强地震动。将模拟得出的强地震动与观测记录到的加速度波形、速度波形和拟加速度反应谱相比较。尽管有一些差异,但在大部分台站,合成的强地震动与观测记录结果相吻合。在模拟得出的震源模型中,断层面上3个凹凸体的应力降约为10MPa,而凹凸体面积与破裂面积比为0.24,接近经验关系式得出的结果0.22。     

LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb Dating for Three Indosinian Granitic Plutons from Central Hunan and Western Guangdong Provinces and Its Petrogenetic Implications

1 Introduction Much attention has been paid to the structure, magmatism and sedimentation associated with the Indosinian Orogeny within the South China Block (SCB) since Deprat (1914) and Fromagat (1932) proposed the term “Indosinian movement” based on two unconformities between pre-Norian and pre-Rhaetian times during the early Triassic in Vietnam. However, this timing has been debated in terms of the Indosinian tectonic evolution within the SCB (Guo et al., 1983; Hsü et al., 1990…     

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SUBMERGENCE RATIO OF A RECTANGULAR SUBMERGED VANE WITH A COLLAR

1 INTRODUCTION Odgaard and Kennedy (1983) suggested that for values of angle of attack, α greater than or equal to approximately 20o, a persistent scour hole is produced near the upstream end of a vane. As α was reduced the number of vanes producing obj…