不同初值对台风路径预报的影响

统计及数值模式客观预报已作为当今发布要素预报的重要参考依据,而制作客观预报的基础是初始资料及初始场的分析。气象场的客观分析方法有很多种,主要的有多项式插值法、遂次订正法、变分技术法、特征函数展开法,和统计插值法等。对于客观分析结果的一些特征近年来曾有过不少的研究。例如,对于美国国家气象中心的Hough函数业务客观分析(特征函数展开法的一种)的研究发     

1979年7月热带地区的动能平衡

应用欧洲中期预报中心的FGGEⅢ-b个客观分析资料计算了1979年7月热带大气的动能平衡。热带环流系统的动能主要集中在定常涡旋部分。对流层下层,105°E和150°E为两半球间瞬变涡旋的通道。对流层上层,瞬变涡旋的通道和洋中槽相联系,位于150°E和30°W附近。 索马里急流是对流层下层制造动能的主要环流系统。对流层上层,南亚东风急流入口区制造动能,出口区破坏动能,其动能收支与中纬度西风急流相似。 非洲-阿拉伯海季风区和孟加拉湾—南海季风区的动能平衡很不相同。动能的垂直输送可能在季风环流中很重要。     

线性预测滤波技术在太阳风-磁层耦合中的应用

线性预测滤波是一种有效的经验数据处理技术,它适合于激励一响应作用的研究。假定这个物理系统相对于变量是线性的,且不随时间变化,那么就可以用这种技术确定多个时间变量间的线性关系。已有几位学者把它用于太阳风-磁层相互作用的研究。这篇回顾性文章描述了线性预测分析的方法;根据所做的假定和物理过程,说明了该方法在太阳风-磁层耦合研究中的应用及所得到的结果。     

Manganese oxidation in pH and O2 microenvironments produced by phytoplankton

Pure cultures of Chlorella sp. catalyzed the oxidation of soluble Mn(II) to particulate, extracellular, manganic oxides. Manganese oxidation was dependent on photosynthetic activity: no oxidation was observed in the dark when cells were grown heterotrophically on glucose, or in the light when photosystem II was inhibited by the addition of DCMU. Manganates were not formed when media were buffered below pH 8.0, suggesting that an important driving force for manganese oxidation was the high pH resulting from photosynthesis. Field studies with minielectrodes in Oneida Lake, New York, demonstrated steep gradients of O2 and pH and the presence of particulate manganic oxides associated with pelagic aggregates of the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. The manganese oxidation reaction apparently occurs only when photosynthesizing algae are present as dense populations that can generate microenvironments of high (>9.0) pH, either as aggregates in the pelagic zone or concentrated cell cultures in the laboratory. A large-scale transition from soluble to particulate manganese was measured in the surface waters of Oneida Lake throughout summer 1986. Removal of Mn(II) was correlated with the presence of aggregate-forming cyanobacteria that oxidize Mn(II) by the mechanism described above.     

魁北克阿比提比绿岩带西格马矿山太古宙含金石英脉:第Ⅱ篇,脉的矿物共生和热液蚀变

西格马金矿床位于魁北克北西阿比提比绿岩带南东的瓦尔德奥(Vald'or),是典型的太古宙脉型金矿床,自1937年开采以来,生产黄金11×10~7克以上。Rokert和Bro-wn已详细描述了矿山地质和脉系,这里仅略述其特征。该区以太古宙超镁铁质到长英质火山岩为主,同时有大量长英质岩体侵入。由于区域变形作用,火山岩层现在呈东-西向延伸,向北陡倾斜,岩层顶面一般向南。二维区域构造是走向东-西的垂直构造。     

加拿大魁北克德马雷斯维莱区拉克肖特金矿床地质的初步研究

前言福尔肯布里奇铜矿有限公司的拉克肖特金矿床,位于魁北克的德马雷斯北东25公里、奇布甘麦南西120公里的甘德地区。1978年,福尔肯布里奇有限公司是继以前三个没有获得可采储量的钻探计划后而挑选了这个矿床的。1984年9月开始生产,在500米深范围内,以3.0g/t为边界品位内,圈定了含金6.0g/t的矿石储量大约2百万吨,每天预采储量750吨。     

关于电磁模型简单表示方法的使用

由G. N. Polozhii提出的电磁模型简单表示法是解决由规则网格表示的自伴的有限差分边值问题的一种准分析方法。从其原理看,这种方法同一般有限差分法比较在计算时间方面有相当的节约,并且精度有所提高。为解决电磁模型中二维赫姆霍兹方程问题,我们已经用简单表示法作为新的混合方法的基础。这个混合方法的理论也将予以介绍。对二维问题的初步试算结果表明这种方法能节约大量计算时间和存贮单元。     

Temperatures and winds over tropical middle atmosphere during two contrasting summer monsoons, 1975 and 1979

Using the monthly geopotential heights and winds for 700 and 200 hPa for India during July and August, and the weekly M-100 Soviet rocketsonde temperature and wind data for Thumba (8.5oN, 76.9oE) during the last week of June and the first week of September for the two contrasting summer monsoon years 1975 (a very strong monsoon year) and 1979 (a very weak monsoon year), a study has been made to examine the mean circulation features of the troposphere over India, and the structures of the temperatures and the winds of the middle atmosphere over Thumba. The study suggested that the axis of the monsoon trough (AMT) at 700 hPa shifted southward in 1975 and northward towards the foothills of the Himalayas in 1979, from its normal position. Superimposed on the low-pressure area (AMT) at 700 hPa, a well-defined divergence was noticed at 200 hPa over the northern India in 1975.The mean temperatures, at 25,50 and 60 km (middle atmosphere) over Thumba were cooler in 1975 than in 1979. While a cooling trend in 1975 and warming trend in 1979 were observed at 25 and 50 km, a reversed picture was noticed at 60 km. There was a weak easterly/ westerly (weak westerly phase) zonal wind in 1975 and a strong easterly zonal wind in 1979. A phase reversal of the zonal wind was observed at 50 km. A tentative physical mechanism was offered, in terms of upward propagation of the two equatorially trapped planetary waves i.e. the Kelvin and the mixed Rossby-gravity waves, to explain the occurrence of the two spells of strong warmings in the mesosphere in 1975.