The UBV orbital phase curves of Rhea,Dione, and Tethys

Orbital phase curves are reported for Rhea (SV), Dione (SIV), and Tethys (SIII). Variations of 0.2 mag. and 0.8 mag. were found for Rhea and Dione respectively, while no variation of Tethys was detected. Some color variations are also reported.     

Sm–Nd isotopic mapping of lithospheric growth and stabilization in the eastern Kaapvaal craton

Whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope systematics of 79 Archean granitoids from the eastern Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa, are used to delineate lithospheric boundaries and to constrain the timescale of crustal growth, assembly and geochemical differentiation c. 3.66–2.70 Ga. Offsets in ε_Nd values for 3.2–3.3 Ga granitoids across the Barberton greenstone belt (BGB) are consistent with existing models for c. 3.23 Ga accretion of newly formed lithosphere north of the BGB onto pre-existing c. 3.66 Ga lithosphere south of the BGB along a doubly verging subduction margin. The Nd isotopic signature of c. 3.3–3.2 Ga magmatic rocks show that significant crustal growth occurred during subduction–accretion. After c. 3.2 Ga, however, the Nd signature of intrusive rocks c. 3.1 and 2.7 Ga is dominated by intracrustal recycling rather than by new additions from the mantle, signalling cratonic stability.     

GIS derived synthetic rating curves and HAND model to support on-the-fly flood mapping

Natural Hazards - Acknowledging the devastating consequences of past earthquakes, current research efforts focus on the development of tools for assessing and controlling the risk and losses...     

The nature of the sea surface as deduced from composite temperature analysis

Summary A technique is described for preparing detailed sea surface temperature analyses for large ocean areas utilizing injection temperature observations from commercial ships. The inadequacies of analyses based on averaged data are discussed, as well as some of the difficulties inherent in contouring scalar fields.Sea surface temperatures are interpreted according to some concepts derived from cross sectional profiles and surface current data. Isotach analyses of mean current drift are considered as flow patterns to aid temperature analysis in areas where data are sparse.

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Die Schwankungen der Oberflächentemperatur des Meeres nach der zusammengesetzten Temperaturanalyse

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die geeignet ist, mittels Temperaturbeobachtungen von Handelsschiffen aus die Vorarbeiten zu detaillierten Analysen von Oberflächentemperaturen in großräumigen Meeresgebieten durchzuführen. Die Unzulänglichkeit von Analysen gemittelter Werte sowie einige Schwierigkeiten bei der graphischen Darstellung von Skalarfeldern werden besprochen.Gemäß den Vorstellungen, die von Querschnittsprofilen und Oberflächenstromwerten abgeleitet wurden, werden Oberflächentemperaturen gedeutet. Um die Temperaturanalyse in Gebieten mit geringen Beobachtungen zu erleichtern, werden Isotachen-Analysen mittlerer Strömungswerte als Strömungsvorbilder benutzt.

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La nature de la température superficielle de la mer suivant l'analyse composée de la température

Résumé L'article actuel décrit une méthode propre à préparer, au moyen des observations de la température faites au bord des navires marchands, des analyses détaillées de la température superficielle dans de grandes étendues océaniques. L'impropriété de l'analyse des valeurs moyennes ainsi que plusieurs difficultés que l'on rencontre en représentant des champs scalaires sont exposées.Suivant les conceptions déduites des coupes transversales et des courants de surface, on interprète les températures superficielles des courants de l'océan. Dans le but de faciliter l'analyse des températures dans de grandes zones océaniques où des observations sont rares, on se serve comme modèle de courant des analyses des isotaches des valeurs moyennes de courants.

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Submitted October 1961 for publication in Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift.     

A data analysis approach for detecting gravitational waves from PSR 0437–4715

A search for gravitational waves from the millisecond pulsar PSR 0437-4715 has been initiated using the bar detector NIOBE which is located at the University of Western Australia. We present a detailed report on the data analysis algorithm, called phase plane rotation , which will be used in this search. A discussion of the actual implementation of the algorithm is presented. The data analysis algorithm mentioned above has the advantage that it requires minimal changes to the already-existing data acquisition facility of NIOBE but, at the same time, it is as efficient as optimal filtering in detecting a signal. This search involves a very long coherent integration of the bar output which may stretch over a few years. With some planned improvements in the detector, a three-year integration should be able to put an upper limit of h  ∼ 10⁻²⁶ on the signal amplitude.     

Modelling of meander migration in an incised channel

An updated linear computer model for meandering rivers with incision has been developed. The model simulates the bed topography, flow field, and bank erosion rate in an incised meandering channel. In a scenario where the upstream sediment load decreases （e.g., after dam closure or soil conservation）, alluvial river experiences cross section deepening and slope flattening. The channel migration rate might be affected in two ways： decreased channel slope and steeped bank height. The proposed numerical model combines the traditional one-dimensional （1D） sediment transport model in simulating the channel erosion and the linear model for channel meandering. A non-equilibrium sediment transport model is used to update the channel bed elevation and gradations. A linear meandering model was used to calculate the channel alignment and bank erosion/accretion, which in turn was used by the 1D sediment transport model. In the 1D sediment transport model, the channel bed elevation and gradations are represented in each channel cross section. In the meandering model, the bed elevation and gradations are stored in two dimensional （2D） cells to represent the channel and terrain properties （elevation and gradation）. A new method is proposed to exchange information regarding bed elevations and bed material fractions between 1D river geometry and 2D channel and terrain. The ability of the model is demonstrated using the simulation of the laboratory channel migration of Friedkin in which channel incision occurs at the upstream end.     

Polarization and amplitude attributes of reflected plane and spherical waves

The characteristics of a reflected spherical wave at a free surface are investigated by numerical methods; in particular, the polarization angles and amplitude coefficients of a reflected spherical wave are studied. The classical case of the reflection of a plane P wave from a free surface is revisited in order to establish our terminology, and the classical results are recast in a way which is more suited for the study undertaken. The polarization angle of a plane P wave, for a given angle of incidence, is shown to be 90° minus twice the angle of reflection of the reflected S wave. For a Poisson's ratio less than 1/3, there is a non-normal incident angle for which both amplification coefficients are 2 precisely; for this incident angle the direction of the particle motion at the free surface is also the direction of the incident wave. For a wave emanating from a spherical source, the polarization angle, for all angles of incidence, is always less than, or equal to, the polarization angle of a plane P wave. The vector amplification coefficient of a spherical wave, for all angles of incidence, is always greater than the vector amplification coefficient of a plane P wave. As expected, the results for a spherical wave approach the results for a plane P wave in the far field. Furthermore, there was a good agreement between the theoretical modelling and the numerical modelling using the dynamic finite element method (DFEM).     

Reviews

THE DICTIONARY OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY edited by R. J. Johnston. 20 x 13 cm, xix and 411 pages. Blackwell: Oxford 1983 (ISBN 0 631 13465 4) $A13.95 (limp).

THE GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIAN CORPORATE POWER edited by Michael Taylor. 22 x 14 cm, ix and 230 pages. Croom Helm Australia: Sydney 1984 (ISBN 0 949614 06 8) $A24.95 (cloth).

MULTINATIONALS AS MUTUAL INVADERS: Intra‐industry Direct Foreign Investment edited by A. Erdilek. 14 x 22 cm, xii and 217 pages. Croom Helm: London 1985 (ISBN 0 7099 0935 7) $A39.95 (cloth).

UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space by N. Smith. 15 x 22 cm, xv and 198 pages. Basil Blackwell: Oxford 1984 (ISBN 0 631 13564 2) $A59.95 (cloth); (ISBN 0 631 13685 1) $A18.95 (limp).

SOCIAL THEORY AND THE AUSTRALIAN CITY (Studies in Society No. 26) by L. Kilmartin, D. Thorns and T. Burke. 14 x 21 cm, ix and 218 pages. George Allen and Unwin: Sydney 1985 (ISBN 0 86861 405) $A24.95 (cloth); (ISBN 0 86861 413 0) $A12.95 (limp).

THE FUTURE OF URBAN FORM: The Impact of New Technology edited by J. Brotchie, P. Newton, P. Hall and P. Nijkamp. 14 x 22 cm, xiii and 374 pages. Croom Helm: London 1985 (ISBN 0 7099 3255 3) $A44.95 (cloth).