三山岛金矿F3断裂带的水文地质工程地质特征及灾害防治

本文对三山岛金矿F3断裂带的构造、岩性和水动力学特征进行了研究,对矿坑开挖中的突水和坑道碎屑流的成因做了探讨,并在水文地质结构、水化学、水同位素及水文地热学的综合研究基础上,对未来的二期井下工程开挖中可能出现的工程地质问题进行了预测,提出了防治方案。     

胶东昆嵛山花岗岩的特征、成因及其与金矿的关系

昆嵛山花岗岩是牟平—乳山金矿成矿带的围岩，在其成因和定位时代上长期存在争议。本文对岩体地质和地球化学特征进行了系统研究，并就岩体成因及其与金矿的关系进行了讨论。作者认为，昆嵛山花岗岩是在中生代由岩浆缓慢冷凝结晶形成的大型复式岩基，并非交代成因。它由垛崮顶片麻状花岗闪长岩（１４７Ｍａ）、八门邹家斑状花岗闪长岩（１３５Ｍａ）、瓦善—水道弱片麻状二长花岗岩及五爪山片麻状含榴二长花岗岩（１２０Ｍａ）组成，成分具贫铝富碱的特点。岩浆来源于中下地壳中酸性变质火山岩系部分熔融形成的岩浆，其形成温度为６５０—７５０℃。岩体经历了韧性和脆性变形作用，不同方向的片麻状构造是岩浆结晶期韧性变形作用的结果。脆性变形形成的断裂和破碎带是本区主要的导矿和容矿构造。花岗岩定位、韧和脆性变形作用与金矿成矿作用有十分密切的关系     

基于AutoCAD二次开发的矢量地形数据检查

基于CAD的矢量地形数据是一类基本的重要的基础地理数据，其应用十分广泛，同时也是各类地理信息系统重要的数据源，其属性精度、逻辑一致性是其重要质量元素，本文论述了基于AuotoCAD二次开发实现矢量地形数据计算机自动化高效检查的技术方法。     

A review on statistical models for identifying climate contributions to crop yields

Statistical models using historical data on crop yields and weather to calibrate relatively simple regression equations have been widely and extensively applied in previous studies, and have provided a common alternative to process-based models, which require extensive input data on cultivar, management, and soil conditions. However, very few studies had been conducted to review systematically the previous statistical models for indentifying climate contributions to crop yields. This paper introduces three main statistical methods, i.e., time-series model, cross-section model and panel model, which have been used to identify such issues in the field of agrometeorology. Generally, research spatial scale could be categorized into two types using statistical models, including site scale and regional scale (e.g. global scale, national scale, provincial scale and county scale). Four issues exist in identifying response sensitivity of crop yields to climate change by statistical models. The issues include the extent of spatial and temporal scale, non-climatic trend removal, colinearity existing in climate variables and non-consideration of adaptations. Respective resolutions for the above four issues have been put forward in the section of perspective on the future of statistical models finally.     

基于方志资料重建1644-1949年长江三角洲地区台风频次序列(英文)

The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period.In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons,time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed.The conclusions are as follows.(1) There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD.Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD,the number of typhoons was 65,equal to 87.8% recorded by meteorological observation.The number of years with differences in typhoon activities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55,reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD.This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years.(2) The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD,and they show an increasing trend.These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities:it is low from 1644 to 1784AD,and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD.It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period,which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD.(3) Before the 20th century,the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods.However,the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century.Comparing the typhoon activities with El Ni o events,the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Ni o occurred.     

秦皇岛地质环境综述

通过大量野外调查和对已有成果的分析,发现该地区地质环境破坏严重,并有恶化的趋势.该地区主要地质环境问题包括地质灾害、水环境污染、海水入侵和海岸蚀退,多数为人为因素引发,自然灾害是次要灾害.最后针对不同的地质环境问题提出综合保护建议.     

Contrast in life histories of exploited fishes and ecosystem structures in coastal waters off west Canada and east Korea

By reviewing the history of fishery exploitation in the coastal waters of west Canada and east Korea, related with contrasting life history strategies of the dominant species, the fishery management challenges that each country would face in the upcoming decades were outlined. In the ecosystem of the Canadian western coastal waters, the dominant oceanographic feature is the coastal upwelling domain off the west coast of Vancouver Island, the northernmost extent of the California Current System in the eastern North Pacific. In the marine ecosystem of the eastern coasts of Korea (the Japan/East Sea), a major oceanographic feature is the Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of the Kuroshio Current in the western North Pacific. Fishes in the Canadian ecosystem are dominated by demersal, long-lived species such as flatfish, rockfish, sablefish, and halibut. During summer, migratory pelagic species such as Pacific hake, Pacific salmon, and recently Pacific sardine, move into this area to feed. In the late 1970s, Canada declared jurisdiction for 200 miles from their coastline, and major fisheries species in Canadian waters have been managed with a quota system. The overall fishing intensity off the west coast of Vancouver Island has been relatively moderate compared to Korean waters. Fishes in the ecosystem of the eastern Korean waters are dominated by short-lived pelagic and demersal fish. Historically, Korea has shared marine resources in this area with neighbouring countries, but stock assessments and quotas have only recently (since the late-1990s) been implemented for some major species. In the Korean ecosystem, fisheries can be described as intensive, and many stocks have been rated as overfished. The two ecosystems responded differently to climate impacts such as regime shifts under different exploitation histories. In the future, both countries will face the challenge of global warming and subsequent impacts on ecosystems, necessitating developing adaptive fisheries management plans. The challenges will be contrasting for the two countries: Canada will need to conserve fish populations, while Korea will need to focus on rebuilding depleted fish populations.     

湖相原生白云石的微生物成因机理探讨*

近年来,随着对微生物白云石模式研究的不断深入,为解释“白云石问题”提供了新思路。前人对微生物白云石成因研究侧重于微生物对未固结沉积物的改造,即有机准同生白云石化作用,这与实验室中以微生物为媒介形成的“有机原生白云石”在成因机理上存在差异。笔者将微生物白云石机理引入湖相原生白云石成因解释中,认为在湖水—沉积物交界处也会发生微生物成因的原生白云石沉淀,即有机原生白云石。湖水与沉积物交界处的微环境存在明显区别,总体可分为有氧和缺氧2种亚环境,不同亚环境中生活有不同的微生物群落。根据湖泊亚环境特性和微生物种类及其在白云石形成过程中所发挥的作用,可以区分出细菌有氧氧化模式、硫酸盐还原模式和产甲烷模式3种微生物白云石模式。不同模式对应于不同的湖泊环境: 细菌有氧氧化模式主要发生于有氧、高Mg/Ca值的咸水/盐湖环境;硫酸盐还原模式主要发生于缺氧、高Mg/Ca值的咸水/盐湖环境;产甲烷模式主要发生于缺氧、低Mg/Ca值的淡水/咸水湖环境。另外,还探讨了pH值变化、SO42-的存在和硫化物对镁水合物脱水的影响以及微生物白云石沉淀的环境因子。对微生物成因的原生白云石模式的深入认识,将为湖相白云石成因研究提供新的理论基础和研究思路。     

Erratum to: Understanding and building upon pioneering work of Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 laureates Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann: From greenhouse effect to Earth system science and beyond

Science China Earth Sciences -     

Bio-organic Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Deposits in Northwestern Guangxi and Their Metallogenetic Significance

The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine-grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter , i.e. the distribution districts of black rock series . The fine-grained gold deposits occur in organic matter-bearing C, D, E, or D, E divisions of the classical Bouma sequences. The evolution degree of organic matters through oil window stage reached the over-mature degree. Both the bio-sources of the organic matters and the distribution of gold in the organic matters disclose the close association between gold, living beings and organic matters. The thermal evolution of organic matters led to the gold to be activized , migrated and enriched , and finally formed gold deposits in the fault belt and crushed zone of black rock series.