中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感调查

针对“中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感调查”的需要,综合运用景观生态学理论、生态系统服务功能理论、可持续发展理论、遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感数据的处理与集成,开展中国西部地区土地覆被和生态要素结构变化分析、沙漠化和水土流失强度评价、生态脆弱特征及时空分布规律分析、基于遥感调查的生态环境质量评价、基于多时相遥感数据对比的典型区生态环境遥感分析和生态环境变化成因对策分析等综合性的研究,并以量化和可视化的形式系统地反映西部地区生态环境现状及其变化的空间分布、空间统计和空间特征规律。     

Shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images

A method for shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images is presented. It is considered that the intensity value of each image pixel is the product of illumination function and ground object reflection, and the shadowed regions on the image are mainly caused by the short of illumination, so the information compensation for the shadowed regions should concentrate on the illumination adjustment of concerned area on the basis of the analysis of whole image. The shadow detection and compensation procedure proposed by this paper consists of four steps.     

Point set generalization based on the Kohonen Net

Point set generalization is one of the essential problems in map generalization. On the demands analysis of point set generalization, this paper proposes a method to generalize point sets based on the Kohonen Net model; the standard SOM algorithm has been improved so as to preserve the spatial distribution properties of the original point set. Examples illustrate that this method suits the generalization of point sets.     

CORS环境下GPS RTK测量时的坐标系统及相互转换

GPS定位技术已经被广泛地运用并发展成为一个真正的三维测量工具。GPS CORS系统是GPS的连续运行参考站,是在一个城市、一个地区、或一个国家范围内,根据要求按一定距离间隔,建立常年连续运行的若干个固定GNSS参考站,组成的网络系统。本文通过对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统的分析,阐明了不同坐标系统之间数据转换的本质。结合在生产中使用的GPSRTK设备,说明了WGS-84坐标系向地方坐标系转换的一般过程和注意事项;对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统,进行理论上和实践上的研究,达到了预期效果,掌握了中海达V8GNSS RTK接收机在GPSRTK测量中的使用问题。     

基于GIS技术的我国大气可降水量分布研究

利用分布于全国范围内的125个气象探空测站点(每日8:00和20:00)的探空数据,应用数据库编程与GIS技术,对大气可降水量在全国的分布情况进行了分析,得到了2002年全年以及春夏秋冬4个季节(2001年12月和2002年1,2月作为冬季)的平均大气可降水量在全国的分布状况。对数据进行分析可知:在空间上,我国的大气可降水量总体呈东南多,西北及青藏高原地区少的分布状况。同时,由于地形组合状况的特殊性,导致四川盆地、天山北麓等地区的大气可降水量略高于其周围地区;在时间上,夏季的大气可降水量值较高,可达到62mm左右,冬季较少,而春秋季除局部地区外大气可降水量基本持平。     

Measurement of similarity for spatial directions between areal objects

Similarity for spatial directions plays an important role in GIS. In this paper, the conventional approaches are analyzed. Based on raster data areal objects, the authors propose two new methods for measuring similarity among spatial directions. One is to measure the similarity among spatial directions based on the features of raster data and the changes of distances between spatial objects, the other is to measure the similarity among spatial directions according to the variation of each raster cell centroid angle. The two methods overcome the complexity of measuring similarity among spatial directions with direction matrix model and solve the limitation of small changes in direction. The two methods are simple and have broader applicability.     

Models for analyzing the driving force of cultivated land supply change

This paper focuses on a series of quantitative analysis models, such as grey relational analysis model, hierarchical cluster analysis model, principal component analysis model, linear regression model and elastic coefficient model. These models are used to analyze the comprehensive function and effect of driving forces systemically, including analysis on features, analysis for differentiating the primary and the secondary, analysis on comprehensive effects, analysis of elasticity, analysis of prediction. The primary and characteristic factors can be extracted by analysis of features and analysis for differentiating the primary and the secondary. Analysis on prediction and elasticity can predict the area of cultivated land in the future and find out which factors exert great influence on the cultivated land supply.     

Integrated data processing method for GPS and INS field test over Rocky Mountain

The method of integrated data processing for GPS and INS(inertial navigation system) field test over the Rocky Mountains using the adaptive Kalman filtering technique is presented. On the basis of the known GPS outputs and the offset of GPS and INS, state equations and observations are designed to perform the calculation and improve the navigation accuracy. An example shows that with the method the reliable navigation parameters have been obtained.     

基于差分技术的悬索桥主缆高程测量误差修正方法

悬索桥基准索股是主缆架设的重要部分,基准索股垂直度测量主要采用三角高程测量法,而大气垂直折光差是影响三角高程测量的主要误差源。本文以等影响原则为前提,对差分技术的原理进行分析,利用基准点已知信息,对三角高程测量中的大气垂直折光差进行修正,从而提高基准索股垂直度测量的精度。上述方法能够满足主缆架设精度要求,并且在实际应用中得到了较好的结果,可为类似桥梁工程提供指导。     

"5.12"汶川大地震震中区映秀镇地震灾情及次生地质灾害遥感初步调查

"5.12"四川汶川8级大地震发生后,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心立即采用"赛斯纳"高空遥感飞机,携带高清晰彩色数码相机及先进的POS系统,迅速获取了重灾区的航摄图像数据。本文以震中附近的映秀镇地区为例,简要介绍了以该高质量航摄数据为基础,采用数字滑坡技术,快速进行震后重灾区灾情及次生地质灾害遥感调查的成果。