青海省活动断裂带分布发育特征研究

青海省活动断裂带在印度板块的推挤作用下具有各自不同的空间展布和运动学特征,通过对省内24条活动断裂带的研究,得出NNW向断裂带右旋走滑的同时还具有逆时针旋转的运动特性,柴达木盆地西南边缘的茫崖油沙山断裂的形成可能是阿尔金断裂带左旋走滑的压应力分量和持续板块推挤在青藏高原北部的一种响应,中更新世以来的构造运动决定了现今青海构造地貌的基本形态,现今高原北部的隆升主要集中在柴达木盆地西侧和祁连山地区,挤压应力分布表现为南北强于中部、东部强于西部。     

Genetic variation in two sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） stocks revealed by ISSR markers

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus samples were collected in Changdao, Penglai (PL), 27 individuals, and Lingshandao, Qingdao (QD), 30 individuals, in the Shandong Peninsula, China. Ten SSR primers were used to assess the genetic variation and relationship between and within the two stocks. Respectively, for each stock, the percentage of polymorphic bands was 85.2% and 86.9%; the gene diver- sity was 0.360 5 and 0.342 8; and the Shannon’s information index was 0.515 0 and 0.499 0. At species level, the percentage of polymorphic bands was 92.2%, the total gene diversity was 0.378 9 and the Shannon’s information index was 0.550 4. The coefficient of overall genetic differentiation and the ge- netic distances between the stocks were also calculated to be 0.073 0 and 0.079 6 using the POPGENE program. Results show that the genetic diversity of the two stocks is still large but the genetic distance between the two stocks is close. A dendrogram was constructed for the 57 individuals from the two stocks, showing that the genetic structure was unitary for PL stock but complex for QD stock.     

临界方程法及其对地层性质的自动化判定

从分析折射波时距曲线入手，确定地层性质突变的临界点，利用通过该点时距曲线的时距方程，建立临界方程和临界方程法，以临界方程计算出的地层临界厚度值与待判层厚度无关，二者比值决定了待判地层性质。     

锥束重建的Smith—Grangeat方法的分析

ＣＴ机、ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＰＥＴ等医疗设备是当前重要的医疗诊断工具，但这些设备都跟某些射互有关，当放射性元素衰变而发射某种射线时，如果它们在４立体角范围内是等概率分布的，则扇形采集比在上方向上有集的效率提高了许多。     

Delayed impacts of the El Niño episodes in the central Pacific on the summertime climate anomalies of eastern China in 2003 and 2007

In the summers of 2003 and 2007, eastern China suffered similar climate disasters with severe flooding in the Huaihe River valley and heat waves in the southern Yangtze River delta and South China. Using SST data and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from NOAA along with reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR, the 2002/03 and 2006/07 El Nino episodes in the central Pacific and their delayed impacts on the following early summertime climate anomalies of eastern China were analyzed. The possible physical progresses behaved as follows: Both of the moderate El Nino episodes matured in the central equatorial Pacific during the early winter. The zonal wind anomalies near the sea surface of the west-central equatorial Pacific excited equatorial Kelvin waves propagating eastward and affected the evolution of the El Ni\~no episodes. From spring to early summer, the concurring anomalous easterly winds in the central equatorial Pacific and the end of upwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward in the western equatorial Pacific, favored the equatorial warm water both of the SST and the subsurface temperature in the western Pacific. These conditions favored the warm state of the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer for both cases of 2003 and 2007. Due to the active convection in the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer and the weak warm SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific from spring to early summer, the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool showed the pattern in which the anomalous strong convection only appeared over the southern regions of the tropical western Pacific warm pool, which effects the meridional shift of the western Pacific subtropical high in the summer. The physical progress of the delayed impacts of the El Ni\~no episodes in the central equatorial Pacific and their decaying evolution on the climate anomalies in eastern China were interpreted through the key role of special pattern for the heat convection in the tropical western Pacific warm pool and the response of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone.     

陕西省蓝田县将军岔金多金属矿地质特征

蓝田将军岔金多金属矿受地层、断裂带控制。矿种数量较多，探明储量较大。矿体赋存于熊耳群细碧角斑岩系中，与构造蚀变带产状基本一致，呈脉状、透镜状。     

黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora Richardson)早期生长发育研究

为研究黄姑鱼胚胎发育特征和胚后发育的仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段的形态学,2010-06-08在实验室利用显微镜和显微镜数码摄像显示系统对黄姑鱼胚胎发育过程进行连续观察拍摄,描述并记录其发育过程和时间。结果表明,黄姑鱼卵为圆球形的端黄卵,盘状分裂,中央有一个油球,卵径为(0.89±0.028)mm,油球直径为0.25mm;在水温为24℃、S为27条件下经22.5h完成孵化,胚胎发育可分为24期。胚后发育阶段,1～3日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼;4日龄仔鱼开口,卵黄囊完全消失,此时仔鱼处于混合营养阶段,进入前弯曲期;6日龄仔鱼油球完全消失,进入外源性营养阶段;16日龄仔鱼尾鳍担鳍骨形成,脊椎末端上曲,进入弯曲期;21日龄仔鱼尾下骨后缘与尾索垂直,鳍条数不断增加,同时背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍原基出现,进入后弯曲期;26日龄鱼苗全身被菊花状黑色素细胞,尾柄处开始被鳞,进入稚鱼期;31日龄以后,鱼苗全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。在水温为25～27℃,S为26～28的条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼全长与日龄具有显著的正相关性。研究表明,黄姑鱼进入稚鱼期之后,其生长速率明显增大,为减少自残,应及时分池和投足饵料。     

山东1736年来逐季降水重建及其初步分析

于清代雨雪档案记载及现代农业气象与气象观测记录 ,根据降水入渗的土壤物理学模型与水量平衡模型 ,恢复了山东济南、泰安、潍坊、菏泽、临沂等 5个地区 1 736～ 1 91 0年逐季降水量 ,建立了各站 1 736～ 2 0 0 0年的逐季降水序列。初步分析结果表明 ,山东各站间的季节降水变化具有较高的相关性与一致性。 1 761～ 1 770年、 1 781～ 1 790年、1 791～ 1 80 0年、 1 80 1～ 1 81 0年、 1 981～ 1 990年等 5个年代的降水明显偏少 ,1 861～ 1 870年、1 871～ 1 880年、 1 881～ 1 890年、 1 90 1～ 1 91 0年等 4个年代则明显偏多。其变化总趋势可概括为 :1 8世纪中前期 ,山东降水相对较多 ;1 8世纪中期起进入少雨期 ;1 9世纪中后期转为多雨期 ;1 9世纪末至 2 0世纪初 ,降水明显减少 ,再次进入相对少雨期 ;2 0世纪 60年代中期以后 ,降水又一次降至较低水平。 1 990年起 ,山东降水有所回升 ,重新进入了相对多雨期。     

Determining tidal turbine farm efficiency in the Western Passage using the disc actuator theory

Tidal power potential is determined across the Western Passage in Passamaquoddy Bay using the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The tidal turbines are implemented in FVCOM using the disc actuator theory method to determine the power potential for different densities and arrangements of tidal turbines. At the most efficient setting for 10 turbines across the Western Passage, the optimal turbine drag coefficient is 2.0 and the average power output, in a 2-week period, is ～819 kW. Results suggest that for a single row of turbines, the addition of turbines decreases the efficiency of the turbine farm, but this decrease in efficiency is less than 7 %. A parallel distribution of turbines in an array diminishes the average power for turbines in the shadow of other turbines, while staggered distribution in an array increases the average power extraction for some turbines, due to the speed gains in the gaps between turbines. A simple tidal farm optimization using the OpenTidalFarm (OTF) model suggests a similar tidal farm distribution.     

成都经济区不同地貌景观区土壤有机碳分布特征及储量估算

利用四川省成都经济区多目标区域地球化学调查获得的土壤有机碳含量数据,探讨了成都经济区不同地貌景观区土壤有机碳的分布特征。山区表层土壤有机碳含量(SOC)最高(22 g/kg左右),较平原区、丘陵区高一倍以上,丘陵区最低(9.49 g/kg)。成都平原区和东部丘陵区深层土壤碳含量相差不大,且均低于研究区深层土壤碳含量均值(6.99 g/kg)。利用指数模型对单位土壤平均碳量(USCATOC)、有机碳储量(USCATOC,h)、有机碳丰度指数(R)进行了估算。结果表明:各地貌单元土壤碳含量、单位土壤平均碳量、有机碳储量、有机碳丰度指数(R)分布具有山区高于平原区、丘陵区最低的一致性特征。龙门山区、西南山区面积约占全区的42%,土壤有机碳储量约占全区的59%;成都平原区、丘陵区面积占58%,土壤有机碳储量约占全区的41%。单位土壤平均碳量、有机碳储量在不同地貌单元中分布的差异主要与不同地貌单元的土壤有机碳含量有关,此外还可能与成土母质、植被发育情况、土地利用方式有关。