The interannual variability of the surface eddy kinetic energy in the Labrador Sea

The variability of the surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Labrador Sea is investigated with a suite of numerical integrations using a regional ocean model. Simulations are performed over the period 1980–2001 and are compared to satellite observations over the last 9 years. The surface EKE pattern in the basin is dominated by a region along the West coast of Greenland where eddies, mainly anticyclonic, are formed by instability of the main currents flowing over the continental slope, consistent with previous idealized results. Here the interannual changes are linked to the shear of the incoming boundary current system imposed as boundary condition to the model domain. The highly variable strength of the East Greenland current at the northeast boundary, derived from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, strongly influences the vortex formation.In the center of the Labrador Sea, where deep convection occurs, a statistically significant portion of the modeled interannual surface EKE variability is correlated with the local atmospheric forcing, and both heat and wind fluxes play an important role and can be adopted as predictors at a lag of 2–3 months. The Arctic Oscillation index can also be used as a remote indicator of the atmospheric fluxes, but with lower skill than local measurements. In contrast the North Atlantic Oscillation index does not correlate significantly with the surface EKE at intraseasonal and interannual scales. The analysis of altimeter data over the 1993–2001 supports the existence of this asymmetry between the regime locally forced by the atmosphere in the central basin, and the regime remotely forced by the incoming boundary current along the west Greenland coast. Those results have important implications for monitoring and predicting the surface eddy kinetic energy variability in the Labrador Sea.     

沙漠下垫面地面温度及能量收支的BATS模式参数化改进

利用陆面过程模式BATS,引入地表发射率及两种大气发射率参数化方案,同时引入不同的地表粗糙度参数化方案,对比各种参数化方案对沙漠下垫面地面温度及能量收支的模拟状况。结果表明：采用Van Bavel等发展的地表发射率及Chung等发展的大气发射率方案可以明显改进地面温度及向上长波辐射的模拟,Chung等方案在夜间与正午的模拟效果更好,减小了1 ℃左右的地面温度模拟偏差,减小了10 W·m^-2左右的向上长波辐射模拟偏差。晴天地面温度及向上长波辐射的模拟结果优于阴天。利用Zhang等发展的裸土粗糙度参数化方案也会提高模式对地表感热通量模拟的准确性。     

辽宁省海洋经济系统协调发展研究

通过构建海洋经济系统协调发展评价指标体系,采用模糊数学中隶属度函数模型,分析了辽宁省海洋经济系统发展水平及其协调发展度.结果表明:1999-2010年期间,辽宁省海洋经济、社会综合发展水平逐年递增,而资源环境综合发展水平值波动较大;1999-2003年,辽宁省海洋经济系统协调性处于失调状态,2004年之后大体处于协调发展状态,且协调等级逐步提升.     

STPIR和MW组合的北斗三频周跳探测与修复

针对载波相位观测值中出现周跳的问题及北斗卫星导航系统全星座播发三频信号的现状,提出一种三频相位电离层残差二阶历元差分(STPIR)的算法,克服了传统电离层残差法受观测数据采样间隔影响较大的问题,联合MW组合观测量进行周跳探测又可避免各自的探测盲区。两种组合观测量均很好地削弱了电离层延迟项的影响,联立方程组进行周跳求解时,直接取整即可得到周跳值。通过北斗三频实测数据验证,提出的组合方法在观测数据采样间隔较大时,可以准确探测出所有周跳,并有效修复。     

Geophysical investigations of crust-scale structural model of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea

Rifting of the Qiongdongnan Basin was initiated in the Cenozoic above a pre-Cenozoic basement, which was overprinted by extensional tectonics and soon after the basin became part of the rifted passive continental margin of the South China Sea. We have integrated available grids of sedimentary horizons, wells, seismic reflection data, and the observed gravity field into the first crust-scale structural model of the Qiongdongnan Basin. Many characteristics of this model reflect the tectonostratigraphic history of the basin. The structure and isopach maps of the basin allow us to reconstruct the history of the basin comprising: (a) The sediments of central depression are about 10 km thicker than on the northern and southern sides; (b) The sediments in the western part of the basin are about 6 km thicker than that in the eastern part; (c) a dominant structural trend of gradually shifting depocentres from the Paleogene sequence (45–23.3 Ma) to the Neogene to Quaternary sequence (23.3 Ma–present) towards the west or southwest. The present-day configuration of the basin reveals that the Cenozoic sediments are thinner towards the east. By integrating several reflection seismic profiles, interval velocity and performing gravity modeling, we model the sub-sedimentary basement of the Qiongdongnan Basin. There are about 2–4 km thick high-velocity bodies horizontal extended for a about 40–70 km in the lower crust (v > 7.0 km/s) and most probably these are underplated to the lower stretched continental crust during the final rifting and early spreading phase. The crystalline continental crust spans from the weakly stretched domains (about 25 km thick) near the continental shelf to the extremely thinned domains (<2.8 km) in the central depression, representing the continental margin rifting process in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Our crust-scale structural model shows that the thinnest crystalline crust (<3 km) is found in the Changchang Sag located in the east of the basin, and the relatively thinner crystalline crust (<3.5 km) is in the Ledong Lingshui Sag in the west of the basin. The distribution of crustal extension factor β show that β in central depression is higher (>7.0), while that on northern and southern sides is lower (<3.0). This model can illuminate future numerical simulations, including the reconstruction of the evolutionary processes from the rifted basin to the passive margin and the evolution of the thermal field of the basin.     

Vitellogenin-associated maternal transfer of exogenous and endogenous ligands in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus

Sequestration of large quantities of vitellogenin (VTG) is critical for proper oocyte development in most oviparous vertebrates. While previous studies have shown a general correlation between oocyte growth and the accumulation of various exogenous and endogenous ligands, few studies have attempted to elucidate the role VTG plays in this maternal transfer. In the present study, we have demonstrated that oocytic accumulation of [³H]-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (³H-TCDD) and [¹⁴C]-benzo(a)pyrene (¹⁴C-BaP) by gravid Fundulus heteroclitus is directly correlated with oocyte maturational status. A positive correlation was observed between oocyte maturational state (size) and both total quantity (total pmoles) as well as concentration (pmoles/g tissue) of TCDD and BaP. Further, the bi-phasic accumulation of both TCDD and BaP mirrors that previously observed for protein sequestration by cultured Fundulus oocytes. Additionally, both TCDD and BaP were associated with VTG in vivo. HPLC analysis of serum extracts has shown that VTG associates with both parent BaP and BaP metabolites. Studies with ¹²⁵I-T₄ (thyroxine) also suggest that this critical hormone also associates with VTG in vivo. Ongoing studies are examining the VTG-associated transport and oocytic sequestration of ¹²⁵I-T₄ in gravid Fundulus.     

两个龙须菜新品系经济性状及琼胶特性的初步研究

2008年2～5月在广东省南澳县深澳海区对选育的龙须菜新品系07-1,07-2和对照组福建宁德栽培的981品系进行海上栽培比较试验,测定了3个品系的藻体日平均生长速率,试验了敌害生物(藻钩虾和团水虱)对3个品系的影响,比较了琼胶特性.结果显示,在水温11～20 ℃,盐度32.4～32.8的条件下,品系07-1,07-2的藻体日平均生长速率分别为3.8%/d和4.1%/d,宁德栽培品系的藻体日平均生长速率为3.2%/d.品系07-1,07-2的生长适应水温下限为16 ℃,比宁德栽培品系降低了2 ℃.与宁德栽培的981品系相比较,选育的龙须菜品系07-1,07-2对藻钩虾和团水虱有较强的耐受能力.品系07-1,07-2的琼胶含量比福建宁德栽培的981品系分别提高10.0%和14.4%,凝胶强度也分别提高了5.46%和14.5%,表明2个新品系具有潜在的推广应用价值.     

青藏高原东北缘龙首山晚新生代多阶段构造隆升的盆地记录

龙首山地区位于青藏高原与阿拉善地块的结合部位,其盆山演化过程和断裂带扩展模式的恢复对揭示青藏高原新生代北东向生长具有重要意义。本文基于龙首山南北两麓3个新近系沉积剖面的构造特征和5个砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICP-MS年龄结果,重建了青藏高原东北缘龙首山地区晚新生代的盆山演化过程。研究结果显示,龙首山地区晚新生代沉积-构造演化经历了3个主要阶段：（1）~14Ma,龙首山南缘断裂带活化,阿拉善地块南缘沿此断裂逆冲于张掖盆地之上,张掖盆地开始接收阿拉善地块的物源;（2）~5Ma,龙首山南缘断裂带的次级断裂开始发育,使龙首山南侧山麓白垩系开始剥露并为张掖盆地提供物源,同时,龙首山北缘断裂带活化并导致潮水盆地发生挠曲沉降,接收龙首山的物源;（3）5~2.5Ma,龙首山北缘断裂带的次级断裂开始发育,导致龙首山北麓白垩系开始剥露并为潮水盆地提供物源。通过对龙首山周缘盆地沉积相和物源开展分析,本研究反演了龙首山地区中新世以来的断裂带活动和山体隆升过程,表明在14~2.5Ma,随着龙首山南缘断裂、北缘断裂的活化和次级断裂的发育,龙首山经历了3次强烈的隆升,这对揭示青藏高原北东向的扩展过程具有重要的指示意义。

     

长江口羽状锋海区浮游植物的生态研究：—昼夜分布动态

本文对长江口羽状锋海区浮游植物的昼夜变动进行了初步研究，结果表明，浮游植物数量的昼夜变化明显，潮汐作用是影响数量昼夜分布变化的主导因素，同时也与该地区浮游植物的水平分布有着密切的联系。     

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.