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991.
Knowledge of peatland initiation, accumulation, and decline or cessation is critical in understanding peatland development and the related carbon source/sink effect. In this study, we investigated the development of three peat profiles along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and compared the results with those of our previous work along this transect. Our work showed that the initiation over the northern ETP is later and the slowdown/cessation earlier than in the middle to southern ETP. The timing of optimum peatland formation over the northern ETP lags the Holocene climatic optimum. These spatio-temporal differences are likely to be related to the intensity of Asian summer monsoon. Our work suggests that some peatlands along the ETP transect have returned or are now returning their previously captured carbon to the atmosphere and thus act as carbon sources. Some peatlands still have net accumulation at present, but the rates have been reduced concomitant with the decreasing summer monsoon intensity. We speculate that more of the previously stored carbon in the ETP peatlands will be re-emitted to the atmosphere if the aridity continues, as might occur under a continuous global-warming scenario. 相似文献
992.
通过分析影响地震属性的岩石物理特性及其在地震响应上的特征,获得地震波传播过程中地震振幅、层速度与裂缝层密度、泊松比、纵横波速度、孔隙度、压力的关系。同时,结合地震属性的分析技术,利用地震正演模拟的方法提高地震勘探数据解释结果精确度和可信度,为高分辨率的活断层地震勘探研究提供更为可靠的方法手段,提高了地震数据的处理解释精度。 相似文献
993.
Keke Yu Hai Xu Jianghu Lan Enguo Sheng Bin Liu Huixian Wu Liangcheng Tan Kevin M. Yeager 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(8):1238-1247
Multi‐proxy indices retrieved from sediments in Lake Chaonaqiu, an alpine lake on the western Loess Plateau (LP) of China, were used to reconstruct a precipitation history over the last ~300 years. The results correlate well with records from tree rings and historical documents in neighboring regions. We show that the lake oscillated between two states, i.e. wetter climatic conditions, which favored denser vegetation cover, and promoted weaker catchment soil erosion; and drier climatic conditions, which lead to less vegetation coverage, correlate with stronger surface soil erosion. Several intensive soil erosion events were identified in the sediment cores, and most of these occurred during decadal/multi‐decadal dry periods, and correlate well with flood events documented in historical literature. The results of this study show that soil erosion by flood events is particularly intense during dry periods, and further highlights the role of vegetation cover in the conservation of water and soil in small lake basins on the Chinese LP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
995.
储层预测的常规方法是地震确定性反演和叠后地质统计学反演,但这些方法难以解决复杂地质背景中薄储层的预测。西湖凹陷平湖组埋深大,沉积环境复杂,储层相变快且普遍发育薄煤层,其储层预测一直是勘探开发的重点和难点。采用分步反演方法,在地质模式的指导下,基于本区岩石物理特征,优先利用叠后地质统计学反演方法预测煤层,再将煤层作为已知的岩相信息,建立三维岩相比例体,用于约束叠前地质统计学反演方法,进而达到提高分辨率、精细雕刻富煤环境中薄储层的目的。该技术有效解决了东海煤系地层储层预测可靠性差的难题,保障了开发井的顺利实施,将平湖组储层预测精度提高了15%,深化了沉积储层认识,具有较大的推广应用价值。 相似文献
996.
997.
黔北早寒武世缺氧事件:生物标志化合物及有机碳同位素特征 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本文首次报道了黔北早寒武世黑色岩系的生物标志化合物,并结合有机碳同位素组成特征,探讨该时期所发生的重大地质事件。所有样品均检出了丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类化合物以及甾类化舍物。在GC谱图上,正构烷烃显示明显的单峰型分布特征,碳数分布范围为nC14-nC31主峰碳为nC18、nC19或nC20,nC17/nC31为1.15~50.17,显示轻烃组分占绝对优势,OEP值为0.84~1.11,CPI值为0.92~1.16,接近平衡值1.0,无明显的奇偶碳数优势分布。Pr/Ph值为0.24~0.79,具有明显的植烷优势。萜烷化合物以C30藿烷占优势,其相对丰度三环萜烷〉五环三萜烷〉四环萜烷,并且检出少量的γ-蜡烷。规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈“V”字型分布,∑(C27+C28)〉∑C29,其比值为1.25~1.99,∑C27/∑C29为0.78~1.22,重排甾烷C27/规则甾烷C27值为0.21~0.47。4-甲基甾烷普遍存在,但丰度相对较低。在地层剖面上,有机碳含量(TOC(%))从0.05~7.91%,平均为2.52%;有机碳同位素组成(δ^13Corg)从-29.49‰~-34.41‰(PDB),发生负偏移,偏移量达到4.3‰,代表该期海平面处于上升阶段,底层水处于严重缺氧状态,底栖生物缺乏。本文根据生物标志化合物特征参数,结合有机碳同位素组成变化,详细分析了黔北早寒武世这套黑色岩系的有机质来源、成熟度、沉积环境以及古海洋意义,将为我国南方早寒武纪古地理重建、地质事件记录提供可靠依据。 相似文献
998.
Hydraulic and numerical study on the generation of a subaqueous landslide-induced tsunami along the coast 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshinori Shigihara Daichi Goto Fumihiko Imamura Yuichi Kitamura Takayuki Matsubara Kazuaki Takaoka Kazuhiko Ban 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):159-177
By carrying out the hydraulic experiments in a one-dimensional open channel and two-dimensional basin, we clarified the process
of how a landslide on a uniform slope causes the generation of a tsunami. The effect of the interactive force that occurs
between the debris flow layer and the tsunami is significant in the generation of a tsunami. The continuous flow of the debris
into the water makes the wave period of the tsunami short. The present experiments apply numerical simulation using the two-layer
model with shear stress models on the bottom and interface, and the results are compared. The simulated debris flow shows
good agreement with the measured results and ensures the rushing process into the water. We propose that the model use a Manning
coefficient of 0.01 for the smooth slope and 0.015 for the rough slope, and a horizontal viscosity of 0.01 m2/s for the landslide; an interactive force of 0.2 for each layer is recommended. The dispersion effect should be included
in the numerical model for the propagation from the shore. 相似文献
999.
1000.
CHEN Lan XU Guiwen DA Xuejuan YI Haisheng ZHU Zhangxiong HUANG Zhaohui LI Xiaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(2):630-643
The marine oil shales of the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, exposed in the Biluo Co, Tuonamu, Shenglihe and Changsheshan areas are believed to be important petroleum source rocks. This work comprehensively analyzed the carbon isotopes, trace elements, and calcareous nannofosills, ammonites and bivalves of the Biluo Co section in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic carbon isotopes show a positive excursion close to 2.17‰(relative to PDB), which, albeit significantly smaller, may also be associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events(T-OAE) in the European epicontinental seas and the Tethyan continental margins. Coinciding with the Early Toarcian transgression, the oxygen deficiency in bottom water had led to dysoxic-anoxic conditions and deposition of black shales lacking benthic fauna. Under such condition, the redox-sensitive trace metals such as Mo, V, Ni, Cr, and U were enriched, in conjunction with high planktonic productivity of Watznaueriaceae calcareous nannofossils. Comparison of the results with the records of chemo-and biostratigraphy, as well as the palaeogeography during the Early Jurassic suggests that the anoxia linked to the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event was mainly caused by the high surface water temperature, sea-level rise and an increase of surface water productivity. 相似文献