延边地区天宝山多金属矿田的流体特征与成矿模式

天宝山铅锌铜钼多金属矿田由新兴铅-锌矿床、东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床和立山铜-铅-锌矿床组成,它们分别产在侏罗纪黑云母花岗闪长岩、闪长岩与古生代海相火山-沉积岩的接触带和岩体内部。矿床地质特征研究表明:新兴铅-锌矿床以石英硫化物充填胶结角砾岩筒矿体为特征,具有与中温岩浆热液矿床类似的蚀变特征;东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床以发育浸染状硫化物、石英硫化物脉和辉钼矿石英脉为特征,具有接触交代热液矿床特征;立山铜-铅-锌矿床则以磁铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等多金属硫化物矿化发育为特征,具有典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床特征。对主成矿阶段以及成矿晚阶段的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体研究揭示:新兴铅-锌矿床的石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为270～340℃、190～260℃、130～160℃;盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为0.62%～9.86%和0.37～1.00g/cm3;压力为37.31～87.69MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体的成分主要为CO2、H2O,含有少量的CH4和N2。东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床的石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为280～337℃、200～260℃、101～190℃;盐度和密度分别为7.16%～23.95%和0.96～1.12g/cm3;压力为28.23～56.64MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为H2O。立山铜-铅-锌矿床的磁铁矿-石英脉阶段、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿等多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为210～240℃、170～200℃、126～160℃,盐度和密度分别为2.07%～9.47%和0.89～0.92g/cm3;压力为33.88～59.72 MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为CO2和CH4。基于矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质和来源等方面的讨论,建立了天宝山多金属矿田的成矿模式。     

Organic fraction of the total carbon burial flux deduced from carbon isotopes across the Permo-Triassic boundary at Meishan,Zhejiang Province,China

By combining the carbon cycle model with the records of carbonate and organic (kerogen) carbon isotope, this paper presents the calculation of the fraction of organic carbon burial (f _org) of beds 23–40 at the global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan, Zhejiang Province. The resulting calculation produces two episodes of f _org maxima observed to occur at beds 23–24 and 27–29, which respectively corresponds to the two episodic anoxic events indicated by the flourish of green sulfur bacteria. Two episodic f _org minima occurred at beds 25–26 and 32–34, generally coincident with the flourish of cyanobacteria (bed 26 and upper part of beds 29 to 34) as shown by the high value of 2-melthyhopnoanes. It appears that the f _org is related to the redox conditions, with greater f _org values observed under the reductive condition. The relationship between f _org and the total organic carbon (TOC) content was complex. The f _org value was low at some beds with a high TOC content (such as bed 26), while high observed at some beds with a low TOC content (e.g. bed 27). This association infers the important contribution of primary productivity to the TOC content. The original organic burial could be thus calculated through the configuration of the function of the primary productivity and f _org, which can be used to correct the residual TOC measured today. This investigation indicates that compiling the organic-inorganic carbon isotopes with the carbon cycle model favors to understand the fraction of organic carbon burial, providing information for the reconstruction of the coupling among biota, environments and organic burial. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 767–773 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中寒武统张夏组颗粒滩沉积特征及控制因素*

碳酸盐岩颗粒滩是一种十分重要的油气储集体。综合野外露头剖面、岩心、测井、录井及薄片资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区中寒武统张夏组颗粒滩沉积特征、分布规律及控制因素进行分析。结果表明:研究区张夏组碳酸盐岩颗粒滩沉积广泛发育,以鲕粒滩为典型代表的颗粒滩沉积占绝对优势;颗粒滩岩性主要为颗粒石灰岩、颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩3种,颗粒类型主要有鲕粒、生屑、砾屑和砂屑等;颗粒滩纵向上通常表现为下细上粗的反旋回序列,多期旋回垂向叠置,形成相当厚度规模的颗粒滩沉积。结合鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪岩相古地理特征,认为研究区颗粒滩发育特征及平面展布规律受海平面相对变化、基底古地貌及构造活动综合控制,尤其是鄂尔多斯盆地南部寒武纪近北东向裂陷槽的发育,对张夏组台地边缘带鲕粒滩发育及分布的控制作用更为显著。     

Rapid forecasting of urban flood inundation using multiple machine learning models

Natural Hazards - Urban flood inundation is worsening as the number of short-duration rainstorms increases, and it is difficult to accurately predict urban flood inundation over a long lead time;...     

Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in abating fecal coliform based on modified soil and water assessment tool

Pathogenic bacteria are a serious public health concern. Exposure to these microorganisms can result in illnesses or even death. Therefore, it is important to control pathogenic bacteria sources, transport mechanisms and fate. Best management practices proved to be very effective in the control of non-point source pollution. In this study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was modified and used to simulate the fecal coliform in Chao River of Miyun Reservoir watershed, China. The model was then used to explore the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in reducing fecal coliform abundance throughout the watershed. The water temperature equation within the SWAT was modified to align the model more closely with the characteristics of the study area and generate a more accurate simulation. The DAFS_ratio (20, 50, 80, 120 and 150) and DF_con (0.25, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.75) parameters were considered for VFS to see their effects on removal efficiency. The results show that calibration and validation results for fecal coliform and flow can be accepted. Different values for DAFS_ratio and DF_con have great influence on VFS. Increasing values resulted in a decrease in the removal efficiency of VFS.     

Seismic Activity in the Himalayan Orogenic Belt and Its Related Geohazards

Himalayan orogenic belt is the highest and largest continental collision and subduction zone on the Earth. The Himalayan orogenic belt has produced frequent large earthquakes and caused several geohazards due to landslides and housing collapse, having an impact on the safety of life and property along a length of over 2500 km. Here we took three earthquake clusters as examples, which occurred at Nepal Himalaya, eastern Himalayan syntaxis and western Himalayan syntaxis, respectively. Here we calculated the earthquake locations and fault plane solutions based on the waveform data recorded by seismic stations deployed in source areas by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We found that at the Nepal Himalayan, the Main Himalayan Thrust is the major tectonic structure for large earthquakes to occur. At the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, most earthquakes are of the reverse or strike-slip faulting. The major tectonic feature is the combination of the NE-dipping thrust with the southeastern escape of the Tibetan plateau. At the western Himalayan syntaxis, intermediate-depth earthquakes are active. These observations reveal the geometry of the deep subduction of the continental plate with steep dipping angle.     

透辉石用作橡胶、油漆填料的研究

塑料、橡胶、油漆等聚合物复合材料以天然或人工合成树脂（石油化工产品）为基料,数量有限,而对于聚合物复合材料需求的增长和能源危机,则造成了塑料、橡胶、油漆原料短缺、价格上涨。在聚合物中添加填料（填充剂）的目的一方面可提高制品性能,另一方面又可使原料增量、成本降低。许多无机填料因具有特殊的物理化学性质,能改善聚合物的力学性能（如硬度、刚度、抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗冲击强度等）、加工性能和热性能等,在聚合物复合材料中有广泛应用。其中天然矿物作为橡塑、油漆填料的最大优点是成本低,因此在性能得以保证的前提下…     

汾渭盆地古近系—新近系沉积特征

汾渭盆地位于鄂尔多斯地块与秦岭造山带的衔接部位,地理位置十分特殊。作为一个新生代断陷盆地,在周缘及内部一系列断裂带控制下,具有边断、边陷、边沉积的特征,新生代地层厚度逾几千米。本文根据大量野外露头及相关钻井资料,综合岩石学、沉积构造、古生物化石、测井及区域地质资料,系统研究了汾渭盆地古近系—新近系各时期的沉积相特征。结果表明,新生代汾渭盆地发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲、湖泊及风成沉积5种沉积类型。盆地边缘及山前主要发育冲积扇沉积,向盆地中心逐渐过渡为河流、三角洲及湖泊沉积,风成堆积集中分布于盆地边缘。各次级盆地沉积演化具有差异性,除三门峡地区外,汾渭盆地主体自晚始新世开始沉积并持续至渐新世早期;渐新世晚期在经历隆升剥蚀作用后,中新世再次沉降,沉积范围逐渐扩大;至晚中新世,渭河盆地的西安凹陷、固市凹陷两大沉积区以及三门峡—芮城、运城—永济一线均为湖相分布区。上新世湖盆沉积范围达到最大,湖泊广泛分布,盆地边部则大量发育风成沉积。     

双频道数字激电仪常见故障及排除方法浅析

本文叙述了S系列双频道数字激电仪在使用中常遇到的问题及易发生的故障,提供了排除方法。     

土壤碳储量计算中不同插值方法对比研究——以吉林省大安市为例

土壤碳储量问题是大气温室效应和全球变化研究的热点问题。本文采用“单位土壤碳量”方法,计算了吉林省大安市表层土壤有机碳总储量和平均土壤有机碳储量,以为全球碳循环研究提供精确的基础数据。分析和比较了反距离加权、全局多项式、局部多项式、径向基函数和普通克里格等不同插值模型对表层单位土壤有机碳储量空间插值结果的影响,结果表明全局多项式插值的均差最小,径向基函数中张力样条法的平均绝对误差最小,普通克里格法的标准差最小。综合分析来看,普通克里格的有理二次方程式模型插值精度最高。