巴东北部地区地表水的环境化学特征及水质评价

对巴东北部地区地表水的环境化学特征进行了初步研究,并且定量分析了此区域的水质.研究表明,该地区地表水属于典型的碳酸盐地表水,元素含量都处于低水平,没有明显的重金属污染,测定7个水样中的元素含量的平均值可以作为巴东北部地区地表水的背景值.     

青藏高原东北部黄河源区大暖期气候特征

本文通过孢粉、有机碳和粘土矿物的分析,探讨了黄河源区全新世的气候变迁,重点论述了大暖期的气候特点。在全新世,黄河源区的气候总体凉干,属于高原的高寒气候。在大暖期,该区的气候较现今高2～3℃,显得湿润些,但波动较频繁,尤其是大暖期的后期波动剧烈,并在5．0kaBP前后发生一次剧烈的降温。记录表明,黄河源区的大暖期始于9．0kaBP,止于2．30kaBP,较我国其他地区开始得早,而结束得晚,其鼎盛时期为6．0kaBP前后。     

和田河流域近 60 年降水尧气温与径流演变特征研究

以新疆和田河流域为例,采取Mann-Kendall趋势检测法、Pettitt突变检测法与小波分析等方法剖析了研究区近60年气温、降雨和径流变动特点。结果显示：（1）研究区降水、气温和径流均有增加或升高趋势,其中气温变化呈显著增加;（2）研究区降水、气温、径流突变分别发生于1986年、1996年和1993年;（3）研究区降水、气温和径流均无显著性周期性变化,但存在短时间段周期变化,降水在研究时段内呈现丰枯交替变化,自20世纪90年代逐渐湿化。气温呈现逐渐升高的发展趋势。20世纪90年代以前,径流年代际变化以偏枯为主,近20年年代际变化以偏丰为主。     

利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.     

应用免疫荧光技术对三种赤潮藻的研究

为探索和建立免疫学结合荧光技术对赤潮生物的定性、定量检测,制备了3种粒径不同的赤潮藻——赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、共生甲藻(Symbiodinium sp)、链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)的多克隆抗体,并采用封闭吸附处理以提高抗体的特异性;采用间接酶联免疫法检测了抗体的效价;结果表明未经吸附处理的赤潮异弯藻、共生甲藻的效价分别为1:41 000,1:18 000以上,显示是高亲合力的抗体;链状亚历山大藻抗体的效价达到1:3 500,相比另两种藻的效价较低;吸附处理后的3种多克隆抗体的特异性明显提高,而效价有所下降。3种多克隆抗体与各自藻细胞均有很强的结合力,赤潮异弯藻和共生甲藻的荧光信号均匀分布于细胞表面,链状亚历山大藻细胞的荧光信号在细胞表面分布不均匀,主要集中在腹部横沟内。制备的多克隆抗体只与自身藻细胞结合,与另外2种藻细胞无交叉反应。链状亚历山大藻抗体只与自身藻细胞结合,与塔马亚历山大藻无交叉反应,可作为同属内不同种的鉴别。结合了免疫学和荧光技术,具有特异、灵敏、直观和简便的优点,并且费用低,对于开拓赤潮准确定性、定量检测方法和技术具有重要价值。     

1990～1999渤海SSTa年际变化的特征

基于 1990～ 1999年逐周的 (18× 18)km分辨率的海表温度 (SST)资料 ,将其与历史资料 (195 9～ 1982 )对比 ,发现近 10年渤海SST较历史SST要高 ,但整体结构特征变化不大。进一步采用EOF方法对渤海SST异常 (SSTa)进行分析 ,得到 3个主要的模态。第一模态对总方差的贡献为 82 .4% ,表现为整个海区SSTa同步升温或降温的特征 ,结合渤海沿岸 2个测站的气温资料的分析 ,认为渤海SSTa第一模态的变化与渤海气温异常变化相互依存 ,另外 ,北黄海SSTa的变化可能是造成渤海SSTa第一模态在海峡口附近变化幅度大的主要因素。第二模态对总方差的贡献为 9.4% ,在空间上其对整个海区SSTa起东升温(东降温 )则西降温 (东升温 )作用 ,可能是ENSO现象影响渤海海温变化最直接的表现。第三模态对总方差的贡献为 5 .0 % ,在空间上其对SSTa起北升温 (北降温 )则南降温 (南升温 )的作用 ,认为其可能与山东陆域气温和黄海流域气温变化有关。     

人工诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育胚胎的SNP标记分析

利用紫外线照射灭活的同源精子,激活栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)卵子分裂,获得雌核发育胚胎,流式细胞仪检测胚胎细胞平均单倍体率为82.5%。对获得的胚胎进行全基因组扩增,获得足量的基因分型模板,利用高分辨率溶解曲线(HRM)技术对其进行96个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点分型。结果显示,诱导雌核发育胚胎的位点检出率为96.27%,其中99.06%的位点分型结果与相应雌性亲本相符;单个胚胎中只表现一种等位形式的位点占91.67%~96.88%,平均为94.81%,较雌性亲本的纯合位点比例(64.25%)明显提高。本研究利用灭活同源精子诱导获得栉孔扇贝雌核发育胚胎,并利用单个胚胎的全基因组扩增产物进行基因位点分析,为扇贝人工诱导雌核发育个体的早期多基因位点检测和评价提供参考。     

一株海洋微藻的分离鉴定及其产油条件优化

自青岛近岸海水中分离到一株硅藻,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,表明该藻与小头菱形藻(Nitzschia microcephala)最为相近,18SrDNA相似性99%以上。研究以f/2培养基为基础,对该藻的生长和油脂积累条件进行探析,表明其在pH=6~8时具有较高的生长速率,最大可达到0.01d-1,油脂含量随pH的升高而降低;添加SiO2-3可以抑制菱形藻的生长和油脂积累;高浓度的Fe3+能促进菱形藻的生长;在Zn2+浓度为1.74μmol/L的条件下,菱形藻能够较好地生长并且进行油脂的积累;其中pH、SiO2-3和Fe3+是影响该藻生长和油脂积累的主要因子。正交试验研究表明,该藻在f/2培养液中生长和油脂积累的最优条件为初始pH=9,SiO2-3和Fe3+添加浓度分别为0.07和100μmol/L。在该最优条件下,该藻的生物量和油脂积累可分别达到94.7mg/L和19.6%。     

AN ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTICAL SCATTERING FROM ELASTIC OBSTACLES BY FINITE AND BOUNDARY ELEMENT COMBINATION APPROACH

A method combining boundary and finite element approaches as well as modal analysis to solve the acoustical scattering from elastic obstacle in infinite fluid is described. An elastic cylinder with finite length immersed in water is chosen as an example for numerical demonstration. The computed frequency response and direction pattern of the backscattering target strength of the cylinder are conformable to those measured.     

Warming and depth convergence of the Arctic Intermediate Water in the Canada Basin during 1985-2006

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985-2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different periods. The results indicate that by 2006, the entire Canada Basin has almost been covered by the warming AIW. In order to study interannual variability of the AIW in the Canada Basin, the Canada Basin is divided into five regions according to the bottom topography. From the interannual variation of AIW temperature in each region, it is shown that a cooling period follows after the warming event in upstream regions. At the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Chukchi Plateau, upstream of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current (ACBC) in the Canada Basin, the AIW temperature reached maximum and then started to fall respectively in 2000 and 2002. However, the AIW in the Canada Abyssal Plain and Beaufort Sea continues to warm monotonically until the year 2006. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is convergence of the AIW depth in the five different regions of the Canada Basin when the AIW warming occurs during observation time. The difference of AIW depth between the five regions of the Canada Basin is getting smaller and smaller, all approaching 410 m in recent years. The results show that depth convergence is related to the variation of AIW potential density in the Canada Basin.