Biodiversity of meiofauna in the intertidal khe nhan mudflat,can gio mangrove forest,vietnam with special emphasis on free living nematodes

The ecological aspect of meiofaunal communities in Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam has not been investigated before. The composition, distribution, density and biodiversity of meiofaunal communities were studied along an intertidal transect at the Khe Nhan mudflat. Each time, three replicate samples were collected in four stations along a transect following the water line from low tide level up to the mangrove forest edge. In total, 18 meiofaunal taxa were found with the dominant taxa belonging to Nematoda, Copepoda, Sarcomastigophora and Polychaeta. The densities of meiofauna ranged from 1156 inds/10 cm² to 2082 inds/10 cm². The increase in densities from the mangrove forest edge towards the low water line was significant. Along the mudflat transect, the biodiversity (expressed by different indices) was relatively high at different taxonomic levels but did not vary significantly along the mudflat except for taxa richness. Eighty nematode genera belonging to 24 families with Comesomatidae having the highest abundance 33.8 % were found.Theristus andNeochromadora decreased in densities from the lower water line towards the mangrove forest edge, whileParacomesoma andHopperia are typical and more abundant at the middle of the mudflat.Halalaimus increased from high on the mudflat to the low water line.     

湖北长湖水生植物多样性及群落演替

在2011年的调查基础上,结合已有资料,研究长湖水生植物多样性、群落特征、水生植被分布现状及水生植物多样性的动态变化和群落演替规律,探讨驱动水生植物群落演替的主导因素.结果显示长湖现有水生植物95种,水生植物优势群落12个.与1985年相比,长湖水生植物无论是在优势种还是优势群落上均发生了巨大变化,从原来以沉水植物为主的优势群落逐步演替为以挺水植物+漂浮浮叶植物为优势的水生植物群落.同时水生植被分布面积急剧缩小,生物量显著下降,2011年全湖水生植被覆盖率仅为4.2%,单位面积平均生物量只有2001年的10%,全湖生物总量相比于2006年下降了88.5%.分析表明,大规模围网养殖等人为干扰活动及水体富营养化是致使长湖水生植物多样性显著下降和群落发生逆向演替的主要原因.     

Small-scale marine fisheries policy in Vietnam

Vietnam's marine fisheries are considered to be small scale and are concentrated in coastal near-shore waters. This has resulted in heavy pressure on near-shore fisheries resources. Near-shore fisheries are considered by fishers and the government to be over-exploited, causing hardship for many coastal communities. This paper reviews and analyzes changes in policy towards small-scale fisheries in Vietnam over the last two decades. The primary issues facing the small-scale fisheries in Vietnam are to restructure the near-shore fisheries and to address over-capacity. Recommended actions include improved fisheries statistics, resources for provincial fisheries staff, and a coordinated and integrated approach involving a mixed strategy of resource management; resource restoration; economic and community development; and new governance arrangements.     

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.     

东亚副热带冬季风南边缘的确定及其变化特征

利用国家气候中心整编的中国730个测站逐日气温资料,基于冬季的划分标准定义了副热带冬季风南边缘并分析其变化特征。结果表明,副热带冬季风南边缘存在明显的年际变化特征,年代际尺度上虽总体呈现出北移,但进入21世纪后有明显的向南扩展、入冬时间提前的趋势。东亚副热带冬季风南边缘异常偏北年的风场在大陆上有显著的偏南风分量,不利于冷空气南下。定义的东亚副热带冬季风南边缘指数与冬季气温呈一致的正相关,气候变暖可能是冬季风南边缘偏北的主要原因。     

基于二维NLCG反演的水文地质结构辨识研究

地下水调查是草原水资源合理开发利用的前提,而探明水文地质结构对地下水调查尤为重要。笔者充分利用大地电磁法（MT）和地面核磁共振（SNMR）各自的优点,尝试采用MT和SNMR对水文地质结构进行探测,并通过二维非线性共轭梯度（NLCG）反演解译了电性与地层两者的对应关系;实现了典型层状含水层模型和局部含水层模型正反演试验;通过实测数据反演与钻孔资料对比验证了该反演算法对低阻含水层地质体解译的有效性。试验结果对水文地质调查具有一定参考意义,也为同类数据反演提供了方法借鉴。     

页岩气开发水力压裂技术综述

世界页岩气资源丰富,但由于页岩地层渗透率很低,目前还没有广泛开发.水力压裂技术是页岩气开发的核心技术之一,广泛用于页岩储层的改造.介绍了水力压裂作业的压裂设计、裂缝监测、压裂液配制和添加剂选择,以及常用的压裂技术,包括多级压裂、清水压裂、同步压裂、水力喷射压裂和重复压裂.结合国外页岩气开发的实例和国内压裂技术的应用情况,分析了各种压裂技术的适用性.研究认为,清水压裂是现阶段中国页岩气开发储层改造的适用技术,开采长度(厚度)大的页岩气井,可以使用多级分段清水压裂技术.同步压裂技术是规模化的页岩气开发的客观需要.     

在Google Earth平台上的虚拟社区构建

介绍虚拟现实技术及其在GIS中的应用,并采用Google Earth作为平台,利用已有数据资料进行虚拟社区的构建,并借助Google Earth进行发布,初步实现了相关功能,在一定程度上实现了虚拟现实技术与传统地理信息的结合。     

跨季节蓄热型地源热泵热传递规律研究

基于有限元分析法,建立了准三维非稳态传热模型。在试验验证的基础上,分析了跨季节蓄热型地源热泵蓄热过程中土壤温度、单位井深换热量、热作用半径随热泵运行时间的变化规律,讨论了土壤结构、入口水温、入口质量流量、热泵运行模式等对土壤传热规律的影响,并研究了土壤热平衡问题。结果表明:同一半径不同深度处,土壤温度增长幅度随土壤热扩散率的增加而增大;土壤热作用半径随热泵运行时间及入口水温的升高而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定;间歇运行模式下,地埋管附近土壤温度及换热量均呈波动式变化,且当径向距离大于0.3 m时,与连续模式一致;在满足换热量的情况下,流体质量流量不宜过大;系统运行一个周期（360 d）后土壤温度基本可以恢复,且流体入口温度不宜低于40 ℃。     

Metallogenic Mechanism and Tectonic Setting of Tungsten Mineralization in the Yangbishan Deposit in Northeastern China

The Yangbishan iron–tungsten deposit in the Shuangyashan area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the center of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China. The rare earth element and trace element compositions of the scheelite show that it formed in a reducing environment and inherited the rare earth element features of the ore-forming fluid. The geochemical characteristics of the gneissic granite associated with the tungsten mineralization show that the magma formed in this reducing environment and originated from the partial melting of metamorphosed shale that contained organic carbon and was enriched with tungsten. In addition, in situ Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from the gneissic granite indicates that they probably originated from the partial melting of a predominantly Paleo–Mesoproterozoic crustal source. According to LA-ICP-MS zircon dating, the Yangbishan orerelated gneissic granite has an Early Paleozoic crystallization age of 520.6 ± 2.8 Ma. This study, together with previous data, indicates that the massifs of northeastern China, including Erguna, Xing'an, Songliao, Jiamusi, and Khanka massifs, belonged to an orogenic belt that existed along the southern margin of the Siberian Craton during the late Pan-African period. The significant continental movements of this orogeny resulted in widespread magmatic activity in northeastern China from 530 Ma to 470 Ma under a tectonic setting that transitioned from compressional syn-collision to extensional postcollision.