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991.
992.
Walter H Pearson Stephen E Miller J.W Blaylock Bori L Olla 《Marine environmental research》1981,5(1):3-11
The ability of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, to detect petroleum hydrocarbons was measured with behavioural techniques. When presented with a water-soluble fraction of Prudhoe Bay crude oil, blue crabs abruptly changed antennular orientation, began rhythmic beating of the maxillipedal flagellae, and increased antennular flicking rate. The threshold concentration at which 50% of the crabs detected the water-soluble fraction was 2 × 10?6 mg/litre. The blue crab apparently can readily detect petroleum hydrocarbons at concentrations found in chronically polluted areas as well as oil spill situations. 相似文献
993.
M. Arockiasamy H. El-Tahan A.S.J. Swamidas W.E. Russell D.V. Reddy 《Ocean Engineering》1984,11(5):463-490
The paper presents an analytical and experimental study on the transient response of semisubmersibles to bergybit impact and the strength of bergybit ice to high strain-rate loadings. Two approaches have been proposed for the solution of the semisubmersible-bergybit interaction problem, one using the energy approach and the other using the conventional structural dynamics approach with initial velocity conditions. In addition the local behaviour of the impacted regions have been analysed for deformation and failure. Numerical results have been given for local behaviour of an impacted column and global behaviour of semisubmersible-bergybit system. Experimental study has been reported on the impact strength of iceberg ice at strain rates of 10−3, 10−2 and 10−1; the indentation impact strength of ice is found to be 3–4 times the unaixial compressive strength, at the same strain rate. 相似文献
994.
J. Acosta E. Uchupi A. Muñoz P. Herranz C. Palomo M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):1-40
In this paper we discuss the results of a swath bathymetric investigation of the Canary archipelago offshore area. These new
data indicate that volcanism is pervasive throughout the seafloor in the region, much more that would be suggested by the
islands. We have mapped tens of volcanic edifices between Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria and offshore Tenerife, La Gomera,
El Hierro and La Palma. Volcanic flows are present between Tenerife and La Gomera and salic necks dominate the eastern insular
slope of La Gomera. This bathymetry also supports land geologic studies that indicate that the oceanic archipelago has acquired
its present morphology in part by mass wasting, a consequence of the collapse of the volcanic edifices. In the younger islands,
Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro, the Quaternary (1.2 to 0.15 Ma) debris avalanches are readily recognizable and can be traced
offshore for distances measured in tens of km. Off the older islands, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera
(<20 to 3.5 Ma), the avalanches have been obscured by subsequent turbidity current deposition and erosion as well as hemipelagic
processes. The failure offshore western Lanzarote is in the form of a ramp at the base of the insular slope bound on the seaward
side by a scarp. Its size and the lack of evidence of rotation along its landwards side precludes the possibility that it
is a slump. It probably represents a slide whose outer scarp is caused by break-up of the slide. Mounds on the ramp’s surface
may represent post-displacement volcanic structures or exotic blocks transported to their present locations by the slide.
The failures offshore Fuerteventura are so large that, although they occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene, exotic blocks displaced
from upslope are still recognizable in the insular margin morphology. The Canary Island insular margin appears to be a creation
of Miocene-Pliocene mass wasting and more recent turbidity current deposition and erosion, and hemilepagic deposition. Failures
offshore La Gomera are due to debris flows and/or turbidity currents. These events have obscured earlier mass wasting events.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
Bioerosion by chemosynthetic biological communities on Holocene submarine slide scars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and faunal observations of submarine slide scars that occur along the flanks of Monterey Canyon in 2.0–2.5 km water depths were made to identify the processes that continue to alter the surface of a submarine landslide scar after the initial slope failure. Deep-sea chemosynthetic biological communities and small caves are common on the sediment-free surfaces of the slide scars, especially along the headwall. The chemosynthetic organisms observed on slide scars in Monterey Canyon undergo a faunal succession based in part on their ability to maintain their access to the redox boundaries in the sediment on which they depend on as an energy source. By burrowing into the seafloor, these organisms are able to follow the retreating redox boundaries as geochemical re-equilibration occurs on the sole of the slide. As these organisms dig into the seafloor on the footwall, they often generate small caves and weaken the remaining seafloor. While chemosynthetic biological communities are typically used as indicators of fluid flow, these communities may be supported by methane and hydrogen sulfide that are diffusing out of the fresh seafloor exposed at the sole of the slide by the slope failure event. If so, these chemosynthetic biological communities may simply mark sites of recent seafloor exhumation, and are not reliable fluid seepage indicators. 相似文献
998.
Viability theory for an ecosystem approach to fisheries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
999.
1000.
JGOFS has revealed the importance of marine biological activity to the global carbon cycle. Ecological models are valuable tools for improving our understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Through a series of workshops, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) developed NEMURO (North Pacific Ecosystem Model Understanding Regional Oceanography) a model, specifically designed to simulate the lower trophic ecosystem in the North Pacific Ocean. Its ability to simulate vertical fluxes generated by biological activities has not yet been validated. Here compare NEMURO with several other lower trophic level models of the northern North Pacific. The different ecosystem models are each embedded in a common three-dimensional physical model, and the simulated vertical flux of POM and the biomass of phytoplankton are compared. The models compared are: (1) NEMURO, (2) the Kishi and Nakata Model (Kishi et al., 1981), (3) KKYS (Kawamiya et al., 1995, 2000a, 2000b), and (4) the Denman model (Denman and Peña, 2002). With simple NPZD models, it is difficult to describe the production of POM (Particulate Organic Matter) and hence the simulations of vertical flux are poor. However, if the parameters are properly defined, the primary production can be well reproduced, even though none of models we used here includes iron limitation effects. On the whole, NEMURO gave a satisfactory simulation of the vertical flux of POM in the northern North Pacific. 相似文献