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排序方式: 共有702条查询结果,搜索用时 947 毫秒
91.
92.
A. Mura S. Orsini E. Kallio S. Barabash A. Grigoriev H. Andersson M. Yamauchi N. Krupp K. Asamura C.C. Curtis B.R. Sandel M. Grande J.U. Kozyra S. McKenna-Lawlor R. D’Amicis S. Massetti P.C. Brandt R.A. Frahm 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(6):840-845
The Analyzer of Space Plasma and EneRgetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) on board Mars Express is designed to study the interaction between the solar wind and the atmosphere of Mars and to characterize the plasma and neutral gas environment in near-Mars space. Neutral Particle Detectors (NPD-1 and 2), which form part of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite, are Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) detectors which use the time-of-flight (ToF) technique to resolve the energy of detected particles. In the present study, we perform a statistical analysis of NPD ToF data collected between 14 March 2004 and 17 June 2004 when Mars Express was located at the dayside of Mars looking toward the planet. After pre-processing and removal of UV contamination, the ToF spectra were fitted with simple analytical functions so as to derive a set of parameters. The behavior of these parameters, as a function of spacecraft position and attitude, is compared with a model, which describes ENA generation by charge exchange between shocked solar wind protons and extended Martian exosphere. The observations and the model agree well, indicating that the recorded signals are charge-exchanged shocked solar wind. 相似文献
93.
Jennifer L. Mays Mark Brenner Jason H. Curtis Kathryn V. Curtis David A. Hodell Alex Correa-Metrio Jaime Escobar Andrea L. Dutton Andrew R. Zimmerman Thomas P. Guilderson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,57(4):307-319
Sediment core PI-6 from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, possesses an ~85-ka record of climate and environmental change from lowland Central America. Variations in sediment lithology suggest large and abrupt changes in precipitation during the last glacial and deglacial periods, and into the early Holocene. We measured stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from the core, the latter representing a largely allochthonous (terrestrial) source of organic matter, to reveal past shifts in the relative proportion of C3–C4 terrestrial biomass. We sought to test whether stable carbon isotope results were consistent with other paleoclimate proxies measured in the PI-6 core, and if extraction and isotope analysis of n-alkanes is warranted. The largest δ13C variations are associated with Heinrich Events. Carbon isotope values in sediments deposited during the last glacial maximum indicate moderate precipitation with little fluctuation. The deglacial was a period of pronounced climate variability, e.g. a relatively warm and moist Bølling–Allerød, but a cool and dry Younger Dryas. Arid periods of the deglacial were inferred from samples with high δ13C values in total organic carbon, which reflect times of greater proportions of C4 plants. These inferences are supported by stable isotope measurements on ostracod shells and relative abundance of grass pollen from the same depths in core PI-6. Similar trends in carbon stable isotopes measured on bulk organic carbon and n-alkanes suggest that carbon isotope measures on bulk organic carbon in sediments from this lake are sufficient to infer past climate-driven shifts in local vegetation. 相似文献
94.
95.
A comparison of TRMM to other basin-scale estimates of rainfall during the 1999 Hurricane Floyd flood 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
The volumetric rainfall attributed to Hurricane Floyd in 1999 was computed for the bulk of the Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear River
Basins in eastern North Carolina, USA from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis
(TMPA) research product, and compared with volumes computed using kriged gauge data and one centrally located radar. TMPA
showed similar features in the band of heaviest rainfall with kriged and radar data, but was higher in the basin-scale integrations.
Furthermore, Floyd’s direct runoff volumes were computed and divided by the volumetric rainfall estimates to give runoff coefficients
for the three basins. The TMPA, having the larger storm totals, would suggest greater infiltration during Floyd than the gauge
and radar estimates would. Finally, we discuss a concept for adjusting the United States Department of Agriculture Natural
Resources Conservation Service rainfall-runoff model when predicting discharge values from real-time TMPA in ungauged river
basins.
相似文献
Scott CurtisEmail: |
96.
97.
Stphane Coutu Steven W. Barwick James J. Beatty Amit Bhattacharyya Chuck R. Bower Christopher J. Chaput Georgia A. de Nolfo Michael A. DuVernois Allan Labrador Shawn P. McKee Dietrich Müller James A. Musser Scott L. Nutter Eric Schneider Simon P. Swordy Gregory Tarl Andrew D. Tomasch Eric Torbet 《Astroparticle Physics》1999,11(4):208-435
Galactic cosmic rays consist of primary and secondary particles. Primary cosmic rays are thought to be energized by first order Fermi acceleration processes at supernova shock fronts within our Galaxy. The cosmic rays that eventually reach the Earth from this source are mainly protons and atomic nuclei, but also include electrons. Secondary cosmic rays are created in collisions of primary particles with the diffuse interstellar gas. They are relatively rare but carry important information on the Galactic propagation of the primary particles. The secondary component includes a small fraction of antimatter particles, positrons and antiprotons. In addition, positrons and antiprotons may also come from unusual sources and possibly provide insight into new physics. For instance, the annihilation of heavy supersymmetric dark matter particles within the Galactic halo could lead to positrons or antiprotons with distinctive energy signatures. With the High-Energy Antimatter Telescope (HEAT) balloon-borne instrument, we have measured the abundances of positrons and electrons at energies between 1 and 50 GeV. The data suggest that indeed a small additional antimatter component may be present that cannot be explained by a purely secondary production mechanism. Here we describe the signature of the effect and discuss its possible origin. 相似文献
98.
N. A. Webb T. Naylor Z. Ioannou W. J. Worraker J. Stull A. Allan R. Fried N. D. James D. Strange 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,310(2):407-413
We present a comprehensive photometric data set taken over the entire outburst of the eclipsing dwarf nova IP Peg in 1997 September/October. Analysis of the light curves taken over the long rise to the peak-of-outburst shows conclusively that the outburst started near the centre of the disc and moved outwards. This is the first data set that spatially resolves such an outburst. The data set is consistent with the idea that long rise times are indicative of such 'inside-out' outbursts. We show how the thickness and the radius of the disc, along with the mass transfer rate, change over the whole outburst. In addition, we show evidence of the secondary and the irradiation thereof. We discuss the possibility of spiral shocks in the disc; however, we find no conclusive evidence of their existence in this data set. 相似文献
99.
100.
Zachary K. Curtis Hua-sheng Liao Shu-Guang Li Prasanna Venkatesh Sampath David P. Lusch 《Ground water》2019,57(5):784-806
Managing nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution of groundwater systems is a significant challenge because of the heterogeneous nature of the subsurface, high costs of data collection, and the multitude of scales involved. In this study, we assessed a particularly complex NPS groundwater pollution problem in Michigan, namely, the salinization of shallow aquifer systems due to natural upwelling of deep brines. We applied a system-based approach to characterize, across multiple scales, the integrated groundwater quantity–quality dynamics associated with the brine upwelling process, assimilating a variety of modeling tools and data—including statewide water well datasets scarcely used for larger scientific analysis. Specifically, we combined (1) data-driven modeling of massive amounts of groundwater/geologic information across multiple spatial scales with (2) detailed analysis of groundwater salinity dynamics and process-based flow modeling at local scales. Statewide “hotspots” were delineated and county-level severity rankings were developed based on dissolved chloride (Cl−) concentration percentiles. Within local hotspots, the relative impact of upwelling was determined to be controlled by: (1) streams—which act as “natural pumps” that bring deeper (more mineralized) groundwater to the surface; (2) the occurrence of nearly impervious geologic material at the surface—which restricts fresh water dilution of deeper, saline groundwater; and (3) the space–time evolution of water well withdrawals—which induces slow migration of saline groundwater from its natural course. This multiscale, data-intensive approach significantly improved our understanding of the brine upwelling processes in Michigan, and has applicability elsewhere given the growing availability of statewide water well databases. 相似文献