形状记忆合金超弹性阻尼性能的试验研究

本文分析了形状记忆合金（SMA）超弹性阻尼减振的机理，通过试验研究了温度、加载频率、循环次数及预变形等因素对SMA超弹性阻尼的影响。研究结果表明，利用SMA的超弹性阻尼特性可以研制出性能良好的耗能减振装置，在工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

1994年5月23日和24日台湾地震震源过程对比

反演地震断层破裂过程是研究地震震源性质的一条重要途径．本研究中,我们选择了两个具有相近发震时间和地点的台湾地震,使用全球数字地震台网的宽频带和长周期记录以及自适应混合全局反演算法,反演了断层平面上的滑动振幅、倾伏角、上升时间和破裂时间,并对两次事件进行了对比．对每一子断层滑动率的计算,提供了断层面上应力和强度的有关信息．前一个地震（面波震级MS＝6.0）,最大滑动振幅2.4 m和最小上升时间1.2 s都位于震中;后一个地震（MS＝6.6）由两个子事件组成,第2个子事件有4 s的延迟．位于震中附近的最大滑动振幅0.9 m对应最小上升时间1.4 s．相应最大滑动率值0.7 m/s,与其它大滑动率区域的峰值相近．我们认为,后一个地震比前一个地震有更复杂的时空分布．      

花岗岩—KBF4—Na2MoO4—WO3体系的实验研究及其矿床学意义

为探讨长英质岩浆作用过程中金属成矿元素的地球化学行为及其成矿意义，我们进行了常压下花岗岩－ＫＢＦ３－Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４－ＷＯ３体系的实验研究。结果表明，高温（１２５０℃）条件下呈均一状态的花岗岩－ＫＢＦ４－ＮａＭｏＯ４－ＷＯ３体系，当温度降低时发生液态不混溶，从中分离出含矿熔体的小液滴，体系中的Ｍｏ（Ｗ）几乎全部富集在这种小液滴中。含矿熔体中极富含Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和Ｐ，而贫Ｓｉ、Ａｌ和Ｋ，Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｆ富集在含矿熔体中。此实验结果表明：长英质岩浆中液态不混溶作用的发生可以使成矿元素Ｗ和Ｍｏ富集到与硅酸盐熔体不混溶的独立的非硅酸盐熔体中。这种熔体在适当的地质条件下继续演化可形成类似镁铁质岩浆演化过程中常出现的岩浆熔离型矿床。本实验结果可能为斑岩矿床的形成机理提供一种新的解释。     

泥石流暴发的自组织临界现象

泥石流是一种特殊的物质、能量大规模耗散的地表现象。在泥石流的形成区松散堆积物组元间的非线性作用，使系统自然地朝着临界状态演化，这种耗散动力学系统的行为特征，用自组织临界状态的概念能加以解释。泥石流规模与频率间呈幂律关系，它是自组织临界状态系统的行为标志，证明了泥石流暴发的自组织临界性．     

A revision of the garnet-clinopyroxene Fe2+-Mg exchange geothermometer

A comprehensive experimental dataset was used to analyse the compositional dependence of the garnet-clinopyroxene Fe²⁺/Mg partition coefficient (K _d). The Mg no. of garnet was found to have a significant effect on the K _d, in addition to calcium content of garnet. An empirical model was developed to relate these effects with equilibrium temperature and pressure in the form of a conventional geothermometer, T(K) = { – 1629[X^Gt _Ca]² + 3648.55[X^Gt _Ca] – 6.59[Mg no. (Gt)] + 1987.98 + 17.66P (kbar)}/(In k_d + 1.076). Application of this thermometer produced reasonable temperature estimates for rocks from the lower crust (garnet amphibolites, granulites and eclogites) and the upper mantle (eclogite and lherzolite xenoliths in kimberlites, mineral inclusions in diamonds).     

利用连分式定义瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率研究

介绍了一种新的全区视电阻率计算方法。该方法利用连分式迭代求解非线性方程技术,直接对均匀半空间电偶源瞬变电磁法观测的垂直磁场与电阻率的非线性方程直接求解。利用该数值方法对层状介质进行了理论计算。数值计算结果表明,采用连分式方法可直接求出反映地电断面结构的瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率。      

中国东北部地区金矿成矿系统分析

本文简要分析了东北地区区域成矿地质背景.从金成矿物质来源的同一性和继承性出发划分出3个金成矿系统:(1)变质岩金成矿系统,以变质岩含金建造为物源基础,形成了多种矿床类型组合;(2)中(新)生代陆相火山热液金成矿系统,矿床产出于中(新)生代火山岩系分布区,成矿物质主要源于火山岩系;(3)第四纪砂金成矿系统.     

划分金矿化集中区的基本准则

在划分和确认金矿化集中区时需研究的重要问题之一就是集中区的范围和界限.在现有的技术经济条件下,确定金矿化集中区的范围和边界应当以已知金矿床（点）的分布范围作为直观标志,以金的地球化学块体和各类含金建造的空间分布作为划分的基础,以控制各类含金建造和与金成矿关系密切的构造-岩浆活动等成矿要素的区域构造带或构造界面作为金矿化集中区的边界.利用上述准则确认了北山金矿化集中区.     

Distribution, partitioning and fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic C, N and P in the eastern North Pacific and Southern Oceans

Concurrent distributions of dissolved and suspended particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC_susp), nitrogen (DON and PON_susp) and phosphorus (DOP and POP_susp), and of suspended particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP_susp), are presented for the open ocean water column. Samples were collected along a three-station transect from the upper continental slope to the abyssal plain in the eastern North Pacific and from a single station in the Southern Ocean. The elemental composition of surface sedimentary organic matter (SOM) was also measured at each location, and sinking particulate organic matter (POM_sink) was measured with moored sediment traps over a 110-d period at the abyssal site in the eastern North Pacific only. In addition to elemental compositions, C : N, C : P and N : P ratios were also calculated. Surface and deep ocean concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients between the two sites displayed distinct differences, although suspended POM (POM_susp) concentrations were similar. Concentrations of DOM and POM_susp displayed unique C, N and P distributions, with POM_susp concentrations generally about 1–2 orders of magnitude less than the corresponding DOM concentrations. These differences were likely influenced by different biogeochemical factors: whereas the dissolved constituents may have been influenced more by the physical regime of the study site, suspended particulate matter may have been controlled to a greater extent by biological and chemical alteration. Up to 80% of total particulate P in POM_susp, POM_sink and SOM consisted of PIP. For all organic matter pools measured, elemental ratios reveal that organic P is preferentially remineralized over organic C and organic N at both sites. Increases in C : P and N : P ratios with depth were also observed for DOM at both sites, suggesting that DOP is also preferentially degraded over C and N as a function of depth. A simple one-dimensional vertical eddy diffusion model was applied to estimate the contributions of dissolved and suspended particulate organic C, N and P fluxes from the upper mixed layer into the permanent thermocline. Estimated vertical DOM fluxes were 28–63% of the total organic matter fluxes; POM_susp and POM_sink fluxes were 8–20 and 28–52% of the total.     

粘弹介质本构理论讨论

阐述了建立物质本构关系时应满足的基本公理,较详细地推导了各种类型粘弹性物质的本构关系,论述了变率理论与泛函数论之间的关系,推导了对于粘弹性问题求解具有实用意义的对应定理,并以简单的例子说明对应定理的应用。