Crust and upper mantle structure beneath Bohai Sea inferred from receiver function study

We analyzed teleseismic waveforms recorded by 36 stations near Bohai Sea region and obtained 2 248 high quality receiver functions.The crustal thickness (H) and average crustal vP/vS ratio (κ) as well as the Poisson's ratios beneath 34 stations were estimated using the H-κ stacking method.The results indicate that crustal thicknesses near the Liaoning province range from 30.0 to 35.5 km,and the corresponding vP/vS ratios vary from 1.72 to 1.89 which corresponds to Poisson's ratio with a range from 0.243 to ...     

中国主要城市带不同城市化率对东亚季风气候影响模拟研究

利用WRF V3.2.1模式,分别在京津冀、长三角和珠三角进行城市区域扩展,通过改变城市扩展区域的城市化率,模拟研究不同城市化率对东亚季风气候的影响。结果表明:城市化使得夏季华北地区降水偏少、华南地区降水偏多,即阻挡东亚夏季风向北方推进,从而减弱东亚夏季风。对气温的影响来看,在京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区进行大规模城市化,分别对同一纬度带上的华北、江淮和华南地区的气温变化影响最大。在京津冀试验组中的华北或珠三角试验组中的华南地区,在同一城市化率试验中,无论冬季还是夏季,其最高温的增幅基本大于最低温幅增幅;无论最低温还是最高温,其夏季气温增幅总是大于冬季增幅。而长三角试验组中的江淮地区,在同一长三角城市化率试验中,无论最高温或最低温,其夏季的气温增幅总是大于冬季。除了近地面气温,城市化会影响城市区域上空的气温和垂直运动,城市化率越高,城市拓展区上空的低层升温强度越强,升温延伸高度越高,差值上升运动愈加明显。季节差异上,城市拓展区上空的夏季升温强度比冬季强,高度也比冬季高,伴随的差值上升运动总体上夏季亦比冬季强。而从850 h Pa高度层平均风场的差值结果来看,夏季华北地区大都盛行差值偏北风,说明城市化使夏季风向北推进到华北地区的偏南风分量比城市化前减小,影响夏季风向北推进的能力和强度,不利于给华北地区带来更多的降水,造成华北地区偏旱;冬季时,大部分试验中华南地区上空始终有反气旋性差值环流,该差值环流北部的差值偏南风较强,说明城市化使冬季风向南侵袭到华南地区的偏北风分量比城市化前减小,不利于冬季风影响华南地区,一定程度上减弱了冬季风。     

Relationship between magnetic field evolution and flaring sites in AR 6659 in June 1991

During the international campaign of June 1991, the active region AR 6659 produced six very large, long-duration flares (X10/12) during its passage across the solar disk. We present the characteristics of four of them (June 4, 6, 9, 15). Precise measurements of the spot motions from Debrecen and Tokyo white-light pictures are used to understand the fragmentation of the main sunspot group with time. This fragmentation leads to a continuous restructuring of the magnetic field pattern while rapid changes are evidenced due to fast new flux emergence (magnetograms of MFSC, Huairou). The first process leads to a shearing of the field lines along which there is energy storage; the second one is the trigger which causes the release of energy by creating a complex topology. We conjecture that these two processes with different time scales are relevant to the production of flares.     

Observations of vector magnetic fields in flaring active regions

We present vector magnetograph data of 6 active regions, all of which produced major flares. Of the 20 M-class (or above) flares, 7 satisfy the flare conditions prescribed by Hagyard (high shear and strong transverse fields). Strong photospheric shear, however, is not necessarily a condition for a flare. We find an increase in the shear for two flares, a 6-deg shear increase along the neutral line after a X-2 flare and a 13-deg increase after a M-1.9 flare. For other flares, we did not detect substantial shear changes.Visiting Associate from Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.     

AN EXPLANATION OF TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS BY MAGNETIC RECONNECTION THEORY

It has been discovered that active regions commonly have numerous flare-like transient loop brightenings. We use a magnetic reconnection theory driven by a ponderamotive force with transverse plasmons on account of the basic properties of a transient brightening: lifetime a few minutes and total energy 10 25–10 29 ergs. The numerical results are consistent with the observations.     

峰峰第五煤矿电厂供水方案优化选择

在目前市场经济条件下 ,峰峰第五煤矿由原先单纯治水向综合利用水方向过渡 ,提出了建电厂 ,以矿井废水作为电厂冷却用水。本文关于建电厂的三个供水方案优化选择 ,采用系统理论、权重分析 ,对方案进行优化选择 ,供决策者参考     

EVOLUTION OF MAGNETIC HELICITY IN MAGNETIC RECONNECTION

This paper presents a definition of magnetic helicity specifically for two-dimensional magnetic fields and derives the associated helicity equation. The newly defined helicity is closely related to its three-dimensional counterpart and serves as a measure of the shear of magnetic field. Based on this, a numerical simulation is carried out on magnetic reconnection occurring in the lower solar atmosphere. It is found that the helicity dissipation due to magnetic reconnection is very small. A large amount of helicity is transferred upward and escapes from the domain of the solution, and the total helicity is approximately conserved during the magnetic reconnection and helicity transfer. This is in support of the applicability of a postulate, which was proposed by Taylor (1974, 1986) concerning the approximate conservation of magnetic helicity in the presence of resistive dissipation and magnetic reconnection in a highly conductive laboratory plasma, to the solar atmosphere.     

Arctic glacier movement monitoring with GPS method on 2005

During the 2005 Arctic Yellow River Station expedition, the research on monitoring the movement and mass balance of two glaciers around Ny-Alesund, Austrelovenbreen and Pedersenbreen, which were selected in the 2004 Yellow River Station expedition were conducted. This paper analyzes the feasibility and advantage in using GPS method to monitor the Arctic glaciers＇movement, estimates the precision of first time measured GPS data and discusses the relevant problems in surveying on the Arctic Glaciers with GPS.     

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

1INTRODUCTION Map generalization may be defined as a procedure that generatessmallerscalemapsfromlargerscaleonesusing variousappropriateoperations (e.g.selection,combina- tion, displacement, simplification, etc.) under definite conditions (includingmap scale, purpose, etc.). The au- tomation of the generalization process has been a dream of cartographers for decades. For it is an indispensable wayto construct map databases from large-scale maps to small-scale ones, which can decrease repet…