A Lost Realm in the Internal Domains of the Betic-Rif Orogen (Spain and Morocco): Evidence from Conglomerates and Consequences for Alpine Geodynamic Evolution

The Malaguide-Ghomaride Complex is capped by Upper Oligocene-Aquitanian clastic deposits postdating early Alpine orogenesis but predating the main tectonic-metamorphic evolution, end of nappe emplacement, unroofing, and exhumation of the metamorphic units of the Betic-Rif Orogen. Two conglomerate intervals within these deposits are characterized by clasts of sedimentary, epimetamorphic, and mafic volcanic rocks derived from Malaguide-Ghomaride units and by clasts of acidic magmatic and orthogneissic rocks of unknown provenance, here studied. Magmatic rocks originated from late-Variscan two-mica cordierite-bearing granitoids and, subordinately, from aplitic dikes. Orthogneisses derive from similar plutonic rocks but are affected by an Alpine metamorphic overprint evolving from greenschist (T=510&j0;-530 degrees C and P=5-6 kbar) to low-temperature amphibolite facies (T>550&j0;C and P<3 kbar). Such a plutonic rock suite is unknown in any Betic-Rif unit or in the basement of the Alboran Sea, and the metamorphic evolution in the orthogneisses is different from (and older than) that of Alpujarride-Sebtide rocks to which they were formerly ascribed. Magmatic and metamorphic rocks very similar to those studied characterize the basements of some Kabylia and Calabria-Peloritani units. Therefore, the source area is a currently lost continental-crust realm of Calabria-Peloritani-Kabylia type, located to the ESE of the Malaguide-Ghomaride Domain and affected by a pre-latest Oligocene Alpine metamorphism. Increasingly active tectonics transformed this realm into rising areas from which erosion fed small subsiding synorogenic basins formed on the Malaguide-Ghomaride Complex. This provenance analysis demonstrates that all these domains constituted a single continental-crust block until Aquitanian-Burdigalian times, before its dispersal around nascent western Mediterranean basins.     

太平洋海山富钴结壳钙质超微化石生物地层学及生长过程

正确判断富钴结壳生长年代及过程有助于研究结壳形成地质历史和重建古海洋环境.利用生物地层学方法(生物遗留印痕)对太平洋不同海山结壳样品进行生长时代和阶段研究,发现麦哲伦海山CM3D06结壳和中太平洋海山CB14结壳最初形成年代和富集特征差异显著: 前者为白垩纪(或更古老)、晚古新世-早始新世、中-晚始新世、中-晚中新世、上新世-更新世等5个阶段;后者为晚古新世-早始新世、中-晚始新世、中中新世、上新世-更新世等4个阶段.两座海山结壳层内部超微化石组合具有极强的区域性特征,反映了大洋环境对生物的影响以及生物对环境的适应.结壳层间的不整合和结构构造的变化指示在渐新世其生长存在间断期,与成矿作用的间断有关.      

拉斑玄武质岩浆极端分异之实例—Loch Ba环状岩墙的岩石学与地球化学

苏格兰西北部马尔地区Loch Ba环状岩墙系由条带状流纹溶结凝灰岩组成。该流纹岩含有大量暗色隐晶质包体。根据流纹岩及其暗色包体的结构构造特征、斑晶矿物及组合、含量、化学成分特征和全岩的常量元素变化特征，认为Loch Ba岩墙之深部存在着一强烈分带的岩浆房，岩浆房上部为流纹质岩浆，其下为强烈分带区，由英安质至底部至少是镁铁质安山岩浆组成。岩浆的分异结晶作用、深部岩浆对来自上部岩浆的捕获晶的同化作用及蚀变作用是造成岩石主要元素一系列变化的原因。     

CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY BOUNDARY IN THE TINGRI REGION OF SOUTHERN TIBET

CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY BOUNDARY IN THE TINGRI REGION OF SOUTHERN TIBETtheNNSFProject(49872 0 0 3)andtheNationalProject (G19980 40 80 0 )ofChina     

铜镍硫化物矿床的成冈——以诺里尔斯克（俄罗斯）和金川（中国）为例

与超基性岩浆作用有关的铜镍硫化物矿床主要有两种成矿建造,一种为含铬建造,另一种为含铂建造。尖晶石类矿物成分的变化清楚地反映了这两类建造的成矿属性,含铬建造的尖晶石属于铬铁矿－尖晶石系列,含铂建造中则为尖晶石－磁铁矿系列。从含铬建造向含铂建造转变的原因,可以解释为超基性岩艇中硫的作用增加,从而引起反应：４ＦｅＯ＋Ｓ＝ＦｅＳ＋Ｆｅ３Ｏ４（磁铁矿）,同时分散性铂族元素的专属性特征也发生相应变化（Ｒｕ＋Ｏｓ＋Ｉｒ）→（Ｐｔ＋Ｐｄ）。因此,含铬建造中主要富含Ｒｕ、Ｏｓ和Ｉｒ,而含铂建造中则富含Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ。超基性岩浆作用中硫的化学活动性增加与基碱度增加直接有关。因此,含铂的超基性岩大多数情况下与富碱的玄武岩形成共生组合,当富铁熔浆发生硫化作用时,将会导致硫化物与硅酸岩熔浆的不混融,从而形成矿浆,据此,金川含铂铜镍矿石不是矿     

中国东部苏鲁榴辉岩超基性岩褶皱带的演化及其与大别(中国)和柯切塔夫(哈萨克斯坦)杂岩的对比(英文)

苏鲁褶皱带形成于元古宙 (2 2 33～ 185 5Ma)典型优地槽构造环境 ,主要由石榴橄榄岩、石榴辉石岩、榴辉岩等侵入岩 (柯石英深度相地幔岩浆房中形成 )和它们的火山沉积建造围岩一起经褶皱、变质而形成。变质作用经历了先蓝片岩相 (前花岗岩 )后片麻岩混合岩相过程。由于变质作用的不规律性 ,苏鲁褶皱带可分为 2个构造带 :(1)东部构造带 (蓝片岩 )和 (2 )西部构造带 (片麻岩混合岩 )。根据A·都城秋穗所识别的变质带系统 ,可将其作为一个双变质带。东部构造带以出现许多块状、条带状榴辉岩辉石岩橄榄岩组合的残余岩块为特征 ,其中还残留着高压的矿物 (石榴石、绿辉石、柯石英 ) ,而且有被混合岩和各种交代岩替代的显著标志。在中生代 ,苏鲁元古褶皱带受造山作用的影响活化 ,导致许多花岗岩体的侵入 ,使交代岩广泛发育。