论吉林夹皮沟金矿成矿时代

吉林夹皮沟金矿是我国产于变质地体中典型的造山型金矿，其成矿时代一直存在很大争议。通过标志性地质体与矿脉、特别是脉岩与矿脉的关系研究，成矿时限界定在显生宙中酸性脉岩形成之后且基性脉岩形成之前。同位素测年表明，成矿时代为170～160Ma。金成矿作用与区域动力学过程存在明显的耦合关系，即侏罗纪太平洋板块俯；中欧亚犬陆导致区域敦-密断裂犬规模左旋平移的构造背景下，区内发生强烈的构造-岩浆活动伴随金的成矿作用。     

勃利盆地中生界地质特征与油气资源量计算

黑龙江省东部勃利盆地在早白垩世为陆缘断陷盆地。经晚白垩世和新近纪的构造反转改造后，呈改造残留型含油气、含煤盆地。该盆地在下白垩统发育有厚度较大的暗色泥岩和多套煤系地层。盆地内源岩有机质以生气为主，煤系地层为重要的气态烃的来源。在研究了勃利盆地中生界地质特征的基础上，运用蒙特卡罗法初步估算了盆地内的油气资源量，得出盆地油气资源量的概率分布函数图，取得不同概率下的油气资源量值。盆地的中部断陷为有利含油气区。研究结果为进一步在松辽盆地外围寻找油气资源提供了参考依据。     

吉林市第二松花江江段污染物-NH4+分布特征研究

针对吉林市铁合金厂排污口下游江水的污染情况，设计研究江段，分段、分层取样。通过野外与室内实验，分析研宄了江水污染物的主要成分，并对NH4^ 的纵向、横向、垂向上的分布特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明，垂直方向污染物扩散可以瞬时完成，在极短的时间内基本能达到完全混合；在横向和纵向上，岸边排放污染物一般只在近岸扩散，污染范围一般也只在靠近排污口一带；随着离排污口距离增大，污染物浓度降低，横向变化率较纵向大。本研究为排污口的污染物控制与治理、水资源保护提供了科学依据。     

碳酸岩Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学研究评述

碳酸岩是出露相对较少的幔源岩石，其中Sr与Nd是研究地幔物质组成的主要对象之一。本文统计了世界上主要碳酸岩的锶、钕、铅同位素组成特征；研究显示，碳酸岩源区主要是洋岛玄武岩高U／Pb的HIMU端员和富集端员(EM1或EM2)的混合作用；此外大部分碳酸岩的锶、钕同位素落在大洋玄武岩范围内；这些均表明其成因与地慢柱有密切联系。碳酸岩及与之共生的硅酸岩的同源或独立源区模式部很难充分解释两者同位素组成特征，逭反映碳酸岩的演化模式涉及更复杂的过程。可能是俯冲作用使碳酸岩源区经历不同时间和程度的富集、亏损过程导致地幔源区成分不均一。     

The influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes in pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens

Expulsion of petroleum from source rock is a complex part of the entire migration process. There exist fractional effects on chemical compositions in hydrocarbon expulsion. Does the carbon isotopic fractionation occur during expulsion and to what extent? Here the influence of hydrocarbon expulsion on carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes from pyrolysates of selected terrestrial kerogens from Tuha basin and Fushun, Liaoning Province of China has been experimentally studied. The pyrogeneration-expulsion experiments were carried out under semi-closed system. The carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes were measured by GC-IRMS. The main conclusions are as follows. First, there is carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type III kerogens in Tuha Basin. There exist differences of carbon isotopic compositions between the unexpelled n-alkanes and expelled n-alkanes from Tuha desmocollinite and Tuha mudstone. Second, there is almost no carbon isotopic fractionation associated with hydrocarbon expulsion from Type II kerogens in Fushun and Liaohe Basin. Third, carbon isotopic fractionation in hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered in making oil-source correlation of Type III kerogens at least in the Tuha Basin. Further studies need to be carried out to determine whether this is true in other basins. Fourth, oil and source at different maturity levels cannot be correlated directly for Type III kerogens since the carbon isotopic compositions of expelled hydrocarbons at different temperatures are different. The expelled hydrocarbons are usually lighter (depleted in ¹³C) than the hydrocarbons remaining in the source rock at the same maturity.     

华蓥山隧道岩溶发育强度垂直分带

论述了华蓥山隧道的岩溶发育特征,根据岩溶发育强度的划分依据和划分标准,结合岩溶发育的历史,采用类比判别法、主因素判别法和综合判别法对岩溶发育强度作了垂直分带,据此预测的溶洞规模与实际情况吻合。     

利用卫星遥感资料反演感热和潜热通量的研究综述

区域平均感热和潜热通量是气象、水文、生态模式中的关键物理因子，卫星遥感反演为观测区域平均感热和潜热通量提供了可能。对利用卫星遥感资料反演地气通量的方法进行了总结和评述。首先描述了现在常用的反演方法，分析了方法中的各种假定对反演结果的影响，并对不同的模式反演结果进行了比较。还指出了评价卫星反演通量的精度时需要注意的问题。最后对该领域内现存的问题与发展方向进行探讨。     

Characteristics of the Asian–Pacific Oscillation in Boreal Summer Simulated by BCC_CSM with Different Horizontal Resolutions

The summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation(APO) is a major teleconnection pattern that reflects the zonal thermal contrast between East Asia and the North Pacific in the upper troposphere. The performance of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models(BCC CSMs) with different horizontal resolutions, i.e., BCC CSM1.1 and BCC CSM1.1(m), in reproducing APO interannual variability, APO-related precipitation anomalies, and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies, is evaluated.The results show that BCC CSM1.1(m) can successfully capture the interannual variability of the summer APO index. It is also more capable in reproducing the APO's spatial pattern, compared to BCC CSM1.1, due to its higher horizontal resolution. Associated with a positive APO index, the northward-shifted and intensified South Asian high, strengthened extratropical westerly jet, and tropical easterly jet in the upper troposphere, as well as the southwesterly monsoonal flow over North Africa and the Indian Ocean in the lower troposphere, are realistically represented by BCC CSM1.1(m), leading to an improvement in reproducing the increased precipitation over tropical North Africa, South Asia, and East Asia, as well as the decreased precipitation over subtropical North Africa, Japan, and North America. In contrast, these features are less consistent with observations when simulated by BCC CSM1.1. Regression analysis further indicates that surface temperature anomalies over the North Pacific and the southern and western flanks of the Tibetan Plateau are reasonably reproduced by BCC CSM1.1(m), which contributes to the substantial improvement in the simulation of the characteristics of summer APO compared to that of BCC CSM1.1.     

Logistic判别模型在强降水预报中的应用

利用Logistiv判别模型进行强降水预报,并设计3种方案进行对比分析。方案1直接使用14个影响因子进行判别预报,受因子共线性作用及噪音信号影响,虽然拟合效果较好,但预报效果明显下降。方案2对14个影响因子进行主成分分析,利用前6个主成分建模,虽然拟合效果较方案1降低,但由于消除了因子共线性作用以及噪音信号影响,预报效果较方案1提高。方案3运用Bootstrap抽样技术得到符干样本并建模计算模型参数,打乱了原有时间序列中的波动,仪保留平稳信息,拟合自由度进一步降低,导致拟合效果较方案案2下降,但预报效果却是3种方案中最好且最稳定的。在上述研究基础上,利用欧洲中心数值预报模式的预报场资料,建立基于Logistic判别模型的强降水客观预报系统,并在中央气象台业务运行。2013和2014年连续两年汛期预报检验结果表明,概模型对强降水预报的TS评分高于数值模式本身,具有一定的业务参考价值。     

基于外弹道计算的人影高炮作业安全评估方法

随着经济的高速发展,各个高炮作业点所在地的周边环境已经发生了很大变化,为了进一步提高人工影响天气作业的安全性,针对高炮作业特点提出了一套安全论证方法。推导了弹道计算的方法,在此基础上结合安全射界法和地理信息系统对作业安全性进行了更精确的评估,并给出实例说明。提出用危险系数的方法进行安全性评估,给出了具体的危险系数定义方法,通过评估系统的一次实际作业评估证明了危险系数进行安全性评估的可行性。以该方法进行安全性评估可有效保障人影作业的安全性,为人影作业提供重要的参考。