我国农业持续发展若干问题浅析

本文从持续发展的研究历史及其内涵入手，对农业持续发展中的城乡协调发展，乡镇企业发展，农业科技进步，劳动者的科技素质，土地资源保护和减轻环境负担等问题进行了分析，以期在当前的新形势下，这几个问题能引起人们的重视。     

射孔对水泥环损伤的综合试验研究

为了探讨射孔时水泥环的损伤机理，系统地进行水泥环抗窜的综合试验研究，本文设计了模拟射孔的综合试验装置和材料动态性能测试装置，文中介绍了这两套装置的设计思想和试验方法，文中还对内边界受冲击力作用的镶嵌圆环进行了动光弹实验，结果表明，应力分布局限在有限范围内。     

邯邢地区燕山期角闪闪长岩系的岩浆演化——角闪石占主导的矿物分离结晶作用

通过对邯邢地区燕山期角闪闪长岩系岩石的岩相学、岩石化学和矿物化学的研究,认为岩浆的演化机制是矿物分离结晶作用,以角闪石为主的矿物分离结晶是影响岩浆成分变异的主导因素。     

一类青藏高原低涡异常路径的环境场分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、历史天气图,在分析1998-2015年移出高原后持续活动2天以上的高原低涡(简称持续高原涡)活动情况基础上,分析了在河套地区打转的持续高原涡的对流层中层高度场特征,并且利用WRF3.5.1模式,对2002年7月1-5日在河套地区打转的久治涡活动的环境场进行了模拟与台风或热带低压强度增强、减弱的数值试验。结果发现,在中国大陆以东、140°E以西洋面上台风或热带低压向北活动,会造成持续高原涡在河套地区打转的异常路径;其环流背景,主要是台风或热带低压向北活动,使副热带高压(简称副高)北抬,会使蒙古高压与副高之间的切变环境场或青海高压和副高与蒙古东部高压打通的高压之间的切变环境场持续,从而使持续高原涡处在相对较弱的切变环境场中东移受阻;数值试验表明,热带低压强度变化,会影响副高位置,从而会影响低涡打转活动的切变环境场,造成低涡打转位置与次数的变化。     

基于公共视域显性符号激励在乡村振兴中的应用与展望——以丁庙湾村为例

随着乡村振兴建设成为国家力推的一个重要新方向,丁庙湾村以公共视域下显性符号应用为突破口,大力倡导村民认建公共设施并取得了一定成果和积极作用。通过对丁庙湾村公共视域下显性符号在乡村振兴中的应用情况进行调查,分析其应用现状、有利条件及存在的问题,提出了未来展望,希望能为其他地区的乡村振兴建设起到借鉴作用。     

汶川抗震救灾地理信息系统的设计与实现

近年来,计算机、3S及相关技术的发展为灾害管理提供了强有力的支持,特别是地理信息系统,正被以各种方式应用于灾害管理的各个阶段。地理信息系统作为基础支撑框架和信息共享平台,不但提供了获取、集成、分析、存储和显示空间数据的工具,而且成为其他各类信息汇聚、融合的基础。本文针对汶川大地震发生后抗震救灾过程中对空间数据及信息集成的需求,给出了能够支持应急响应、灾害评估和灾后重建工作的汶川抗震救灾地理信息系统的设计与实现。     

湖南6月区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型及应用

利用1979—2016年6月EAR5再分析资料,选取湿热力平流参数、热力螺旋度、散度通量、水汽散度通量和热力波作用密度5个综合因子,采用核密度估计方法,基于TS评分最优为检验标准筛选确立最优因子和权重组合,构建了湖南区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型,并进行了独立样本检验与业务试用。结果表明:2017—2019年独立样本回代检验,平均TS评分达到29.9%,相比于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)细网格(平均TS评分为22.4%)为正技巧。在2021年、2022年汛期两次区域持续性暴雨个例的预报试验中,提前24 h的暴雨预报优于ECMWF、CMA-GFS等大尺度模式和CMA-SH、CMA-GD等区域中尺度模式,对湖南区域持续性暴雨有较强的预报能力。     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

利用水文地球化学和水文物理学方法分析定襄七岩泉水氡异常

自2008年以来,定襄七岩泉水氡测值处于相对高值状态,为了核实该异常,利用水文地球化学和水文物理学方法进行分析,结果认为：七岩泉泉水补给来源主要是大气降水,当累计连续降雨量超过一定阈值（116 mm）时,水氡测值明显下降;降雨仅对水氡测项的短临动态造成干扰,年变动态不受影响。调查发现,与七岩泉相距不远的静乐井水位出现准同步高值现象,综合分析认为,七岩泉水氡高值异常反映了区域内地壳应力的变化。