BDS短基线单历元差分定位算法

针对BDS短基线单历元差分定位中双差法方程严重病态的问题,采用TIKHONOV正则化准则进行改善。计算获得可靠的浮点解及其对应的方差协方差阵,再运用部分模糊度固定策略,采用LAMBDA方法进行模糊度固定获取准确的固定解,达到cm级的BDS实时定位效果。     

样线法在北方基岩性海岛植被调查中的应用效果评价 ——以北长山岛为例

植被是海岛生态系统的重要组成部分。由于海岛陆地环境与大陆的差异性,现有的陆域植被调查方法不能完全适用于海岛植被。亟须结合现有成熟的陆地植被调查方法,选取不同类型的海岛,对调查方法中的关键环节进行实地测试,积累数据进行统计分析,以得到适用于海岛特殊地理环境海岛植被调查技术方法。文章针对植被调查中的样线法,以北长山岛两种不同面积的调查区域为例,对比分析不同样线设置方法,明确在该岛屿何种坡向、坡位,何种类型植物群落中设置样线,以及设置多长的样线才能够较为完整地代表该调查区域的植物物种丰富度,同时降低大量的调查时间,最终确定最优的海岛样线设置原则,为海岛植被群落调查中样线的有效选择提供科学依据。     

冰川物质平衡模式及其对比研究——以祁连山黑河流域十一冰川研究为例

冰川物质平衡是冰川连结气候和水资源的纽带, 对其的观测和模拟始终是冰川与气候变化研究领域的重点和前缘之一. 以祁连山黑河流域十一冰川为参照冰川, 结合实测物质平衡验证资料, 建立了基于冰川表面能量平衡的冰川物质平衡模型(物理模型)和基于温度参数、温度-辐射参数和温度-辐射-水汽压参数的三种度日因子模型(统计模型), 并对模拟结果进行了分析及评估. 结果表明: 净辐射是冰川表面最主要的能量来源, 占能量收入的82.3%; 其次为感热供热, 占收入的17.7%. 净长波辐射基本为负, 吸收的热量主要通过融化和蒸发/升华方式消耗, 分别占能量支出的84.7%和15.3%. 加入净短波辐射和水汽压参数的度日因子-物质平衡模型的模拟效果提高显著, 相对误差为7%, 与能量平衡模型的模拟误差6.7%, 相差不大. 研究表明, 能量-物质平衡模型的物理意义明确, 模拟能力强大, 尤其在日尺度上有绝对的优势; 统计物质平衡模型在特定的地理条件和气候条件下表现出不佳, 对于一些极端值的模拟能力欠缺, 但是具有输入变量少, 计算简单的优点. 研究结果对黑河流域乃至整个祁连山地区的冰川物质平衡模拟方法的建立具有参考意义.     

承德牛圈银金多金属矿床硫化物Rb-Sr年龄和成矿物质来源分析

在对牛圈矿区实地踏勘、野外观察的基础上,通过岩(矿)石样品同位素、稀土元素及流体包裹体均一温度、成分的测试分析,认为牛圈银金多金属矿床的成矿物质来源于花岗岩。岩(矿)石样品稀土元素分析结果表明,矿石与花岗岩稀土元素配分模式相似,均显示出轻稀土元素分馏较强,重稀土元素分馏较弱,二者均有较强的Eu负异常分布特征,表明矿石与花岗岩之间存在密切的成因联系,即成矿物质来源于花岗岩。石英包裹体中氢氧同位素的研究结果显示,成矿流体具有多来源特征,是岩浆水和循环的大气降水的混合。利用单矿物闪锌矿和共生矿物组合黄铁矿与方铅矿Rb-Sr等时线方法测定了牛圈矿床成矿年龄,测试结果显示矿石矿物的形成年龄为(154.1±2.6)Ma,属于燕山中期,推断与燕山期的岩浆岩侵入有密切关系,上述认识为矿床成因类型厘定提供了理论依据。     

基于砂槽模型研究不同水流密度下盆地地下水流系统

在干旱半干旱地区,沉积盆地是人类生产、生活用水的主要载体,为查明在水流自身密度改变条件下盆地地下水流系统的变化特征,需在变密度条件下对盆地地下水流系统进行模拟研究。本文采用砂槽物理模型,在改变区域性水流密度条件下模拟研究地下水流系统的变化规律。试验结果显示:随着区域性水流密度的增加,区域水流系统的渗流速度和循环量均减少,且流线径流距离和径流深度也随之减小;而局部水流系统的渗流速度和循环量均增加。结果表明区域性水流密度的增加会抑制区域水流系统的发育,对局部水流系统有一定增强作用。本研究着重强调了区域性水流自身密度变化对盆地地下水流系统所产生的影响,并通过物理试验模拟得出在改变区域性水流密度条件下盆地地下水流系统的变化规律。     

Multi-Fractal Analy is of Daily Air Temperature Time Series in Coastal Areas of China

In this article, the Multi-Fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) method is adopted to study the temperature, i. e., the maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tavg) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature, multifractal characteristics and their formation mechanism, in the typical temperature zones in the coastal regions in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Liaoning Provinces. Following are some terms and concepts used in the present study. Multifractality is defined as a term that characterizes the complexity and self-similarity of objects, and fractal characteristics depict the distribution of probability over the whole set caused by different local conditions or different levels in the process of evolution. Fractality strength denotes the fluctuation range of the data set, and long-range correlation (LRC) measures the stability of the climate system and the trend of climate change in the future. In this research, it is found that the internal stability and feedback mechanism of climate systems in different regions show regional differences. Furthermore, the research also proves that the Tavg, Tmax and Tmin of the above three provinces are highly multifractal. The temperature series multifractality of each province decreases in the order of temperature series multifractality of Liaoning > temperature series multifractality of Guangdong > temperature series multifractality of Jiangsu, and the corresponding long-range correlations follow the same order. It reveals that the most stable temperature series is that of Liaoning, followed by the temperature series of Guangdong, and the most unstable one is that of Jiangsu. Liaoning has the most stable climate system, and it will thus be less responsive to the future climate warming. The stability of the climate system in Jiangsu is the weakest, and its temperature fluctuation will continue to increase in the future, which will probably result in the meteorological disasters of high temperature and heat wave there. Guangdong possesses the strongest degree of multifractal strength, which indicates that its internal temperature series fluctuation is the largest among the three regions. The Tmax multifractal strength of Jiangsu is stronger than that of Liaoning, while the Tavg and Tmin multifractal strength of Jiangsu is weaker than that of Liaoning, showing that Jiangsu has a larger internal Tmax fluctuation than Liaoning does, while it has a smaller fluctuation of Tavg and Tmin than Liaoning does. Guangdong and Liaoning both show the strongest Tmin multifractal strength, followed by Tavg multifractal strength, and the weakest Tmax multifractal strength. However, Jiangsu has the strongest Tmax, followed by Tavg, and the weakest Tmin. The research findings show that these phenomena are closely related to solar radiation, monsoon strength, topography and some other factors. In addition, the multifractality of the temperature time series results from the negative power-law distribution and long-range correlation, in which the long-range correlation influence of temperature series itself plays the dominant role. With the backdrop of global climate change, this research can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of the spatial-temporal air temperature variation in the eastern coastal areas of China and help us understand its characteristics and causes, and thus the present study will be significant for the environmental protection of coastal areas.     

白云鄂博赋矿白云岩成因研究历史,问题及新进展

前人对白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩的成因主要有４种认识（１）正常沉积;（２）岩浆侵入;（３）海底火山溢沉积;（４）与深源热卤水有关。笔者综合评述了这些认识的主要论据,阐述了笔者等的新发现－武放白云云岩为大型微晶丘－它可以较好地解释这些看起来极为矛盾的地质事实。     

湖泊沉积物磷钝化材料的研究进展

通常认为,磷是湖泊富营养化的主要限制因子,因此控制湖泊磷浓度和水平被认为是湖泊治理的关键.在外源磷输入得到有效控制之后,湖泊富营养化仍可持续几十年,这主要归咎于内源磷的释放.底泥原位化学钝化控磷技术因其操作性强、控磷效果明显,而被广泛作为湖泊内源磷的控制技术之一,而钝化材料的研发和应用是本项技术的核心.在世界范围内,研...     

北京地区闪电活动与气溶胶浓度的关系研究

基于2015—2017年北京闪电定位网(BLNET)总闪资料与35个自动空气质量监测站PM2.5数据,分析了北京地区(39.5°N—41.0°N,115.0°E—117.5°E)夏季(6—8月)闪电活动与PM_2.5的时空分布特征,同时针对117次雷暴天气,探讨了气溶胶浓度变化对闪电活动的可能影响.结果表明:PM_2.5浓度及总闪密度均呈现自西北向东南升高的空间分布特征.闪电峰值在污染背景下出现的时间(19∶00LT)晚于清洁背景下(15∶00LT)约4h,且总闪百分比(～20%)可达清洁背景下(～9%)的两倍.对雷暴前1～4h的PM_2.5浓度与时间窗(12∶00—22∶00LT)内总闪数目的中位数进行相关分析,发现PM_2.5浓度低于130μg·m^-3时,PM2.5与总闪数存在明显正相关,此时气溶胶可能通过影响云微物理过程进而影响雷暴的对流发展,增强闪电活动;PM_2.5大于150μg·m^-3时,总闪数随PM_2.5浓度...