南极地区地面温度序列的建立及研究

分析了南极地区自１８９５年以来考察队零散观测和少数考察站的温度资料，结合国际地球物理年以后连续观测的温度资料，建立了近百年来年平均气温序列并计算了其变化趋势。结果表明：南极地区的变暖趋势十分明显，气温比上个世纪末至少增加了１℃。     

国际极地年南极大气科学考察

2007年大气科学考察是"2007～2008国际极地年"(IPY)中国行动计划和中国第24次南极考察的重要内容.我院与国家海洋局极地办公室和中国极地研究中心合作,选派汤洁、逯昌贵等赴南极长城站和中山站进行度夏和越冬考察,开展了大气成分本底、臭氧垂直廓线探测、大气边界层和气象观测等科考项目.主要观测项目有:     

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF MERIDIONAL VARIATION OF UV-B RADIATION DURING VOYAGES TO THE ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC REGIONS

Based on 1999-2000 observations made by the first Arctic and sixteenth Antactic scientificvoyages,a study is undertaken about the meridional surface UV-B (B band ultraviolet rays)variations in 75°N-70°S.It is mitigated as a function of latitudes and marked by lower radiationaveraged over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than over the Southern Hemisphere (SH),with itsdaily course basically similar to that of total radiation.Around polar summer noon hours (localtime) and where ice albedo is maximum,the strongest UV-B irradiance on the surfaceperpendicular to sun's beams as found at equatorial latitudes is measured sometimes.In the areasnear Zhongshan Station the increase of surface UV-B radiation shows a close relation to thedecrease of ozone in the higher atmosphere but it has a less intimate relation with its concentrationat ground.     

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE RADIATION COMPONENTS AT ZHONGSHAN STATION

A preliminary analysis of some characteristics of the radiation components is made by using the surface radiation data obtained from February 1990 to January 1991 at Zhongshan Station. The result shows that the fluxes of direct radiation and global radiation are strong with higher atmospheric transparency,and the surface can absorb large amount of radiation energy in warm season. The surface loses heat energy in cold season due to the seasonal variations of the surface albedo and shortwave radiation. The variation of net longwave radiation is related to cloud amount and surface air temperature. The property of net radiation is similar to other Antarctic coastal stations but differs greatly from Antarctic inland area.     

1998年夏季青藏高原辐射平衡分量特征

利用1998年夏季第二次青藏高原气象科学试验(TIPEX)获得的改则、当雄和昌都三个热源观测站的数据和相关资料,统计和分析了高原夏季辐射平衡分量和热源强度的变化特征.结果表明高原地面总辐射平均强度以西部最强,中部次之,东部最小.6月中旬后随着雨季到来,地表反射率均有所降低,中部和东部的辐射强度明显减弱,西部雨季降水和云量都比较少,辐射强度变化不明显.高原中部和东部的净辐射在6月中旬有明显的突变现象,西部突变期出现在7月上旬,以中部的辐射加热强度最大,东部次之,西部最小.湿期随着地面长波辐射的减少,热源强度明显增大.     

隆冬极地涡旋的崩溃过程

本文利用波谱分析方法,研究了隆冬北半球极地涡旋的崩溃过程,指出极地涡旋的崩溃是中、高纬度环流相互作用的产物。当中纬度地区有长波脊向北发展时,有利于极地涡旋崩溃。当高纬度地区有西风角动量向南输送时,有利于极地高压的建立。     

南极半岛近百年气温的年代际振荡

利用南极半岛及邻近地区(30°～70°W,50°S以南)气象观测资料较好的12个站,建立了该地区近百年的气温距平序列.结果表明:1)近百年南极半岛气温有3个跃变点,分别在1919-1923年1947-1953年和1976-1982年之间,两个跃变点之间的稳定气候阶段的平均长度约30a左右;2)各阶段平均气温成阶梯式的上升,近百年年气温增加了0.730℃,但增温幅度各季不同:冬季最大,夏季最小;3)南极半岛年冰密集度指数倾向率为-0.2053·(10a)^-1,而且夏半年(12～翌年5月)比冬半年(6～11月)大;4)南极半岛温度与它的冰密集度指数呈反相关,夏季、秋季和年的相关系数都超过了5%信度.     

Short-term Climate Characteristics at Ny-lesund over the Arctic Tundra Area

<正> Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund island)where ourfirst arctic expedition station(Huanghe Station)was located.Affected by theNorth Atlantic warming current,this area has a humid temperate climate,andthe air temperature at Ny-lesund rose above 0℃ even during deep winter sea-son during our research period.The wind speed in this area was low and appearedmost at southeast direction.We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund rose inthe faster rate(0.68℃/10 a)than those at the whole Arctic area.Comparedwith the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic,Ny-lesundwas warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed.Comparison of the nearsurface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventionalmeasurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good a-greement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.     

A STUDY OF ANTARCTIC SYNOPTIC-CLIMATIC VARIATION AND GLOBAL CHANGE

ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＡＮＴＡＲＣＴＩＣＳＹＮＯＰＴＩＣ－ＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＧＬＯＢＡＬＣＨＡＮＧＥ￥ＬｕＬｏｎｇｈｕａ（陆龙骅），ＢｉａｎＬｉｎｇｅｎ（卞林根），ＪｉｕＰｅｎｇｑｕｎ（贾朋群）ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｑｉｕ（张正秋...