Discovery of the Middle-Late Triassic elasmobranch ichthyoliths from the Guanling area,Guizhou,SW China

应用Johns等(1997)的形态分类系统，对首次报道出现于贵州关岭地区中上三叠统的软骨鱼类的微体化石进行了初步研究，描述了其中的1个牙齿化石(可能属于弓鲛鳖科的)和7个鳞片类化石的形态属种，其中包括两个鳞片类化石的新属种，即Lobaticorona cf. floriditurris,Sacrisubcorona co. circabasis,Glabrisubcarona co.arduidevexa,Parvi-corona dacrysulca n.gen.et.n.sp.s.f.Annulicorona pyramidalis n.gen.et.n.sp.s.f.,new(?) paragenera A和new(?) paragenera B。还初步探讨了软骨鱼类微体化石在三叠纪地层划分中的应用，以及中国西南部三叠纪软骨鱼类与北美相当地层中软骨鱼类的洲际对比。     

喜马拉雅地区深反射地震──揭示印度大陆北缘岩石圈的复杂结构

喜马拉雅山的崛起和青藏高原的隆升被认作是印度板块和亚洲板块中、新生代以来汇聚、碰撞、挤压的结果，是典型的陆－陆碰撞地带。此文介绍了在喜马拉雅山区进行的第一次深反射地震试验的结果。试验剖面布置在北喜马拉雅地区内，从喜马拉雅山山脊南的帕里到康马南的萨马达共中１５点（ＣＭＰ）叠加剖面上表现出如下特点：①显示了在地壳中部有一强反射带，向北缓倾斜下去，延长达１００ｋｍ以上。它可能代表了一个活动的道冲断裂或是一条巨大的拆离带，印度地壳整体或下地壳沿此拆离层俯冲到藏南之下；②上部地壳的反射，显示了上地壳存在着大规模的叠瓦状结构；③下地壳的反射显示了塑性流变特征；④在测线南部莫霍反射明显，深度达７２─７５ｋｍ，发现了南部有双莫霍层的存在；⑤试验中还取得莫霍层下面３２ｓ、３８ｓ、４８ｓ等双程走时的多条反射，均向北倾斜，反射同相轴延续较长，信息丰富，反映了上地幔的成层结构。这些结果对印度大陆地壳整体或其下地壳俯冲到藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地壳之下并导致西藏南端地壳增厚的观点给予了实质性的支持。     

Quantification of submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) using radon,radium tracers and nutrient inputs in Punnakayal,south coast of India

The present study focused on the estimation of submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and the effects of nutrient fluxes due to the SGD process.The parameters of SGD such as magnitude,character,and nutrient flux in Punnakayal region of South East coast of India were evaluated using multiple tracers of groundwater inputs in 2019.It was found that the elevated values for the tracers in the study area,displayed a gradational change in the values as move from estuarine part to the offshore.Simultaneous occurrence of fresh and saline SGD is observed on the study sites.Also,indicated that the SGD fluxes ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 m^3 m^-2d^-1 at the estuary and0.03-0.15 m^3 m^-2d^-1at the groundwater site.A substantially increased value for 222 Rn activities is distinguished in the estuary to values over 312 dpm L^-1.Nutrient embellishments were generally greatest at locations with substantial meteoric elements in groundwater;however,the recirculation of saltwater through the geological formation could provide a way of transferring terrestrially-derived nutrients to the coastal zone at many places.     

Sicilian serpentinite xenoliths containing abiotic organics with nanodiamond clusters as key model for prebiotic processes

Rock fragments from the deepest parts of a buried hydrothermal system belonging to the Mesozoic Tethys Ocean entered as xenoliths in a Miocenic diatreme,hence brought to the surface,in the Hyblean Plateau(Sicily).Some xenoliths consist of strongly serpentinized ultramafic rocks bearing blebs of abiotic organic matter,where clusters of amorphous carbon nanoparticles,including nanodiamonds,are immersed.Such an occurrence conjures up established hypotheses that diamond surfaces are suitable catalytic platforms stimulating the assemblage of complex bio-organic molecules relevant to the emergence of life on Earth.The appearance of bio-organic molecules under primitive Earth conditions is one of the major unsolved questions on the origin of life.Here we report new micro-Raman spectra on blebs of abiotic organic matter from a selected xenolith.Diamond bands were related to hydrogenated nanocrystalline diamonds,with size of nearly 1-1.6 nm,formed from organics at low pressures and temperatures.In particular,diamond surfaces can give rise to crystalline interfacial water layers that may have played a fundamental role in the early biosphere evolution as a good medium for rapidly transporting positive charges in the form of hydrated protons.Nowadays,proton gradients in alkaline hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges are generally viewed as key pre-biotic factors.In general,serpentinites span the entire geological record,including prebiotic times.These hydrous ultramafic rocks often display evidence of abiotic carbon species,both organic and inorganic,including nanodiamonds,being also capable to give rise to chemiosmotic processes and proton gradients necessary to the organisms,such as the"Last Universal Common Ancestor"(LUCA),in the prebiotic Earth.     

层控铜矿床定位的区域控制—南部非洲和南澳大利亚元古宙矿床实例

引言在沉积或变质沉积岩层中发现了层控铜矿床,但其不同于“火山成因”或“喷气成因”的层状黄铁矿型块状硫化物矿床。这类矿床包括称之为“砂岩铜矿”、“页岩铜矿”和“红层铜矿”等矿床。这些矿床在狭义上是层状的,从宏观看,它们与围岩层理完全一致;从微观看,矿石矿物呈浸染状颗粒集合体沿层面产出。但一般来说,这种矿床不严格是层状的;从宏观看,它们是超出了岩相界线的;从微观看,矿石矿物呈粒间孔隙充填物产在容矿沉积     

苏联早前寒武系主要的标准参考层序

引言这里考虑的早前寒武系包括太古界(35—26亿年)和早元古界(26—16.5亿年),整个早前寒武系大多是经受了各种变形和变质的上地壳岩和深成岩类。而晚前寒武系(比16.5亿年年青)主要是由广泛发育的地台型沉积覆盖物组成,因此,早前寒武系的年代地层和岩石地层单位的划分是以造山幕为根据的,而对于晚前寒武系则用岩性和生物地层标志则更为合适。在苏联研究早前寒武系的主要地区是欧洲的波罗的地盾和亚洲的阿尔丹地盾(东西伯利亚),它们的上地壳岩层序可作为古老的前寒武系年代地层和岩石地层单位的基础     

由掘进诱发的应力变化，反演应力的一个实例

作为研究处理核废料有关综合方案的一部分．在加拿大原子能有限公司(AECL正在建设一个地下研究实验室。在地下坑道设计与施工期间，考虑了原地应力状态这个重要的因素。最近十多年里．我们主要通过套芯试验(Marlin，     

Sanidine—olivine—diopside Association in a Metasomatized Garnet Lherzolite Xenolith from Southeastern China

A garnet lherzolite xenolith hosted in olivine nephelinite from Xilong,Zhejiang Province ,southeastern China, shows clear evidence of modal metasomatism involving a special sanidine-olivine-diopside(SOD) association which was produced by replacement of primary orthopyroxene.The fluid responsible for the measomatism was a silica-undersaturated vapour,rich in K,Ba,Sr and Ti.It is suggested that the SOD assemblage is the product of metasomatism of a depleted lherzolite precursor,and formed in the upper mantle prior to entrainment and eruption.     

印度达瓦尔克拉通太古宙—早元古代绿岩带的化学沉积作用

在印度达瓦尔克拉通认出了三个连续而类型不同的绿岩带。最下部的绿岩带,主要是由镁铁-超镁铁火山岩和化学沉积物组成。中和上群是由火山岩、火山碎屑-岩屑和化学沉积物组成。但在绿岩带中,化学沉积物的类型和丰度有很大差异。最下部群,是以霍伦纳拉西普尔-努吉哈利(Holenarasipur-Nuggihalli)片岩带为代表,含有铬云母石英岩和磁铁石英岩。在一个地区,也见到了薄夹层状重晶石层与产在具鬣剌结构的橄榄     

黄铁矿的变形现象

黄铁矿的变形机制,是一个长期争论的问题。许多形变的硫化物矿体都呈现出黄铁矿的碎裂结构,在有些部位也见到了拉长的黄铁矿构造现象。尽管以往有关黄铁矿的形变实验都是以脆性域的变形为主,但近来在400—700℃的高温条件下的实验研究即表明,黄铁矿能通过位错作用而变形(Cox等,1981)。对早期实验的重新估价也同样表明位错滑移能在黄铁矿中起作用(Graf等,1981)。Atrinson(1972)曾经进行过