面状建筑物多层次骨架线提取方法

由于缺乏对凸部与建筑主体之间的层次关系描述,单个建筑物化简大多采用整体直角化方式进行,缺乏渐进式表达方法,难以实现对建筑物的多尺度、多层次逐步化简控制。针对该问题,提出了一种用于建筑物多层次表达的多层次骨架线构建方法。该方法首先通过构建Delaunay三角网提取建筑物内骨架线段,然后根据骨架线所关联的三角形面积识别得到主骨架线和次级骨架线之间的层级关系;最后对骨架线进行拉直处理。实验表明,该方法能够有效提取建筑物的多层次骨架线,较好地兼顾了建筑物的整体走向与局部形态特征,可为面状建筑物多尺度化简与表达提供支撑。     

Drivers of coastal bacterioplankton community diversity and structure along a nutrient gradient in the East China Sea

Anthropogenic nutrient discharge poses widespread threats to coastal ecosystems and has increased environmental gradients from coast to sea. Bacterioplankton play crucial roles in coastal biogeochemical cycling, and a variety of factors af fect bacterial community diversity and structure. We used 16 S r RNA gene pyrosequencing to investigate the spatial variation in bacterial community composition(BCC) across five sites on a coast-of fshore gradient in the East China Sea. Overall, bacterial alpha-diversity did not diff er across sites, except that richness and phylogenetic diversity were lower in the of fshore sites, and the highest alpha-diversity was found in the most landward site, with Chl-abeing the main factor. BCCs generally clustered into coastal and of fshore groups. Chl-a explained 12.3% of the variation in BCCs, more than that explained by either the physicochemical(5.7%) or spatial(8.5%) variables. Nutrients(particularly nitrate and phosphate), along with phytoplankton abundance, were more important than other physicochemical factors, co-explaining 20.0% of the variation in BCCs. Additionally, a series of discriminant families(primarily affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria), whose relative abundances correlated with Chl-a, DIN, and phosphate concentrations, were identified, implying their potential to indicate phytoplankton blooms and nutrient enrichment in this marine ecosystem. This study provides insight into bacterioplankton response patterns along a coast-of fshore gradient, with phytoplankton abundance increasing in the of fshore sites. Time-series sampling across multiple transects should be performed to determine the seasonal and spatial patterns in bacterial diversity and community structure along this gradient.     

偷鸡不成蚀把米

正"停工、停工,必须立即给我停工,否则,我就要掀摊子,把垒好的墙统统推倒!"一个气得浑身发抖的年轻人吕帆(化名),看着近1米高的屋墙吼叫着。这时,40多岁的贾建国(化名)故作镇静:"老弟,你这是咋呼啥,     

台风菲特暴雨诊断分析

"菲特"台风暴雨具有阶段性特征,包括台风远距离降水、台风倒槽和内螺旋雨带降水、台风外部螺旋雨带降水、台风残留低压环流与冷空气相互作用降水4个阶段。利用地面观测、气象雷达观测、NCEP分析资料,对"菲特"台风暴雨环流形势进行了分析。引导台风东移的高压东西部具有不同热力属性,东部暖性深厚、西部冷性浅薄。浅薄冷高压阻挡登陆台风继续西移,延长台风倒槽和外围螺旋雨带的降水时间。"丹娜丝"台风的靠近,有利于东南风水汽输送的增强。副热带高压的增强,在黄海上空逼近东移高空槽形成稳定的高空急流。文章提出与传统垂直风切变大、高空急流强的冷空气阻挡型不同的侵入型冷空气和台风相互作用形势。侵入型冷空气从低层入侵,影响台风残留低压的外围环流。在低压外围环流的北部形成较强的东北风,并与海上的东风对峙辐合形成海岸锋。冷空气侵入型的空间不对称特征明显:对流有效位能东高西低,垂直风切变西北高东南低。残留低压的中层受冷空气影响较小,沿海地区的东南风持续的时间更长。中层高位涡区与地面海岸锋的互应,为变性的台风残留低压暴雨提供有利条件。     

史前地震加速早期中国“河洛古国”的衰落

“古国时代”被认为是人类文明形成与发展的重要阶段.位于黄河中游的河南巩义双槐树仰韶文化遗址是古国时代重要的都邑性聚落.其规模宏大,出现明显的社会分化,在早期中国占据着重要地位,考古学家一般称之为“河洛古国”.“河洛古国”的兴衰演化对于揭示中华文明的起源与发展具有重要意义,它的衰落过程一直备受关注.双槐树遗址的考古发掘和环境考古研究过程中,在遗址内发现并识别出多处古地震相关遗迹和同震变形,包括地震液化、边坡崩塌和地裂缝,以及地震造成的大量房屋倒塌和墙体歪斜.炭屑定年揭示地震年龄约5.0cal ka BP.结合地震液化分布最远距离经验公式,初步推测地震的最小震级为Ms5.9～6.0.这次破坏性地震深刻影响了双槐树遗址早期文化的持续发展,一定程度上加速了“河洛古国”史前都邑的衰落.     

基于双偏振雷达和降水现象仪的郑州“7·20”极端强降水微物理特征分析

利用降水现象仪、双偏振雷达、常规气象观测资料和再分析数据,分析了郑州“7·20”极端强降水过程的微物理特征。此次过程受多尺度天气系统的共同影响,为复杂多变的降水微物理特征提供了有利的环境条件。结果表明,此次过程地面雨滴谱分布随时间存在明显变化,雨滴谱参数分布较广,覆盖了从大陆性对流降水至海洋性对流降水的分布区域。20日16—17时最强降水时段,小粒子数密度显著高于东亚地区普通对流性降水的统计结果和华南地区夏季平均值,且存在大量大粒子,保证了极高的降水效率。双偏振雷达参量的垂直结构反演结果显示,对流系统质心低,具有典型的暖云特征;0 ℃层以上冰相过程相对活跃,0 ℃层以下强烈的暖雨过程,大量的冰相粒子落下并融化和低层高效率的雨滴碰并增长过程,导致各尺度高浓度雨滴的生成,最终形成地面的极端强降水。     

甘肃白银厂及其外围磁异常特征及找矿预测

在白银厂铜矿深部及外围地区开展地质找矿任务十分紧迫。磁法在辅助金属矿深部找矿方面效果良好,研究该区磁异常特征可为深部找矿提供依据和参考。本文通过梳理白银厂及其外围1∶50 000地面高精度磁法和航磁实测资料,阐明了该区的岩（矿）石磁性、磁场分布和局部磁异常等特征。利用多种位场转换处理法结合多点实测校正的方法,综合分析磁异常与地层、岩浆岩、构造、矿化蚀变等成矿条件之间的联系,圈定局部磁异常20个,解译断裂构造18条、隐伏—半隐伏岩体6个,并对圈定的局部磁异常进行了解释推断和分类评价。研究结果表明：白银厂铜矿深部及外围地区成矿潜力较好,综合区域成矿规律和地质成矿背景,归纳地球物理找矿信息,进一步优选出找矿远景区7处。研究找矿远景区的特征,指明找矿方向,分析成矿潜力,以期为后续资源勘查提供磁异常依据和参考。     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

“一带一路”背景下的中国与巴基斯坦的贸易关系演进及其影响因素

中巴经济走廊是“一带一路”6大经济走廊之一,而贸易畅通是“一带一路”建设的核心环节。研究中巴贸易关系演变及其影响因素、分析其贸易潜力,对推进“一带一路”建设具有重要的示范作用。论文从中巴贸易发展态势、商品结构、空间格局等方面揭示中巴贸易关系,运用随机前沿引力模型分析中巴贸易关系的主要影响因素、并探析其发展潜力,以期为推进中巴经济走廊建设提供科学支撑。研究发现：① 中巴贸易发展迅速,中对巴贸易顺差持续扩大;中国主要出口机械及电气设备等资本密集型产品,主要进口纺织原料及纺织制品等初级产品和劳动密集型产品。② 中国各省份与巴基斯坦的贸易合作存在明显的空间差异,东部沿海省份与巴贸易联系较紧密,西部各省份除新疆外与巴基斯坦贸易额均较小。③ 中国多数省份对巴贸易商品结构发生显著变动,其中,新疆、山东等进出口商品结构多元的省份的变动相对较小。④ 中国各省份的经济发展水平和市场规模对中巴贸易拉动较强;海运距离对中巴贸易规模有显著的负向影响;领土接壤为中巴组织边境贸易提供了良好条件;铁路和水运口岸的建设对中巴贸易具有积极影响。⑤ 中国各省份与巴基斯坦均有较大贸易潜力,内蒙古、云南、广西、陕西等省份的合作潜力更明显。