汶川地震后甘肃临夏北塬黄土场地大面积沉陷研究

北塬是位于甘肃省临夏县东北部的黄土塬,塬上分布为典型的马兰黄土。2008年汶川地震以后该地区陆续发生了较大规模的黄土湿陷灾害,并造成相当的经济损失。通过对北塬湿陷性黄土的野外调查和室内试验,研究了黄土湿陷的原因和机理。结果表明,该地区黄土产生大面积沉陷的主要原因是汶川地震中产生的深大裂缝与底部黄土垂直节理贯通形成渗水通道,水在底部不透水层聚集,土体由下至上产生湿陷,从而导致地基沉降。结合经济可行性和当地实际,针对类似原因引起的黄土湿陷问题提出了防治措施。     

Biogeochemical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments

Sediment samples were cored from 3 locations representing the inner bay, the outer bay and the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay in September 2003 to study the source and biogeochemical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The content and vertical distributions of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, organic nitrogen （ON）, organic phosphorus （OP）, inorganic nitrogen （IN）, inorganic phosphorus （IP）, the ratio of organic carbon and total nitrogen （OC/TN）, and the ratio of total nitrogen and total phosphorus （TN/TP） in the sediments were analyzed. The results show that both TN and TP in surface sediments decrease from the inner bay to the outer bay. In general, ON occupies 50%-70% of TN and IP accounts for more than 60% of TP. In ratio of OC：TN, the nitrogen accumulated in the sediments from the inner bay and the bay mouth came mainly from terrestrial sources, and the portion of autogenetic nitrogen was 28.9% and 13.1%, respectively. However, in the outer bay, nitrogen was mainly autogenetic, accounting for 62.1% of TN, whereas phosphorus was mainly land-derived. The sedimentation fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus varied spatially. The overall diagenesis rate of nitrogen was higher than that of phosphorus. Specifically, the diagenesis rate of OP was higher than that of IP. However, the diagenesis rate of ON was not always higher than that of IN. In species, the diagenesis rate of IN is sometimes much higher than that of the OC. In various environments, the diagenesis rate is, to some degree, affected by OC, pH, Eh, and Es.     

基于SB-DInSAR时间序列探测地震形变过程的研究

对2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉6.3级地震9景ENVISAT重轨单视复数据采用双轨模式进行小基线（SB）干涉处理,获得了此次地震的SB-DInSAR时间序列干涉图、位移场以及位移速度场。结果表明：1)地震位移场形变过程为由震前的缓慢变化到震后的加速运动,速度明显由慢到快;2）震中以西为大面积隆起区,最大隆起量为140 mm;震中以东为大面积下沉区域,但形变集中在破裂区,主要在发震过程及震后形成,最大沉降量达185 mm;3）地震产生的破裂主要沿震中的东南方向传播,集中在约13.4 km×7.6 km、方向约135°的椭圆形区域内。     

赣南木梓园钨矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

木梓园钨矿床是赣南地区一中型石英脉型钨矿床,是利用地表云母线、石英线等矿化标志带寻找隐伏石英脉型矿床的典范。本文对木梓园矿床含黑钨矿石英脉石英中流体包裹体开展了岩相学和显微测温研究,并运用显微激光拉曼光谱测试技术对单个流体包裹体成分进行测试。结果表明,石英中流体包裹体至少记录了两期流体活动。这两类流体分属中-高温、中低盐度、中低密度的NaCl-H2O流体体系和中-低温、中低盐度、中等密度的NaCl-H2O流体体系。在木梓园钨矿床成矿流体的演化过程中,高温阶段发生了小规模的沸腾作用,并由此导致成矿流体中部分金属络合物分解进而沉淀成矿;低温阶段则主要经历了自然冷却过程,流体中矿质的沉淀则主要由温度的降低引起。     

浙江省瑞安市曹建绢云母矿床地质特征、成因机理探析及找矿方向

本文较系统地介绍了绢云母矿区地质概况和矿床地质特征,并通过成因矿物学论述,对矿床成因机理进行了探讨分析,指出了下一步的找矿方向.     

基于GIS绘制海水污染物分布等值线算法研究

将三角网法应用于海水污染物分布等值线的绘制,并结合海岸线及海洋污染监测站点的分布特点对海水污染物分布等值线的绘制提出了一种新思路,即,在具有强大地图分析功能的ActiveX控——MapObjects图层上绘制海水污染物分布等值线,并将GIS中的图层技术应用到了裁剪海陆相接处等值线的过程中,在保证绘制精度的同时,免去了使用传统计算机图形学裁剪方法所必须进行的大量且复杂的数学计算,提高了绘制速度。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） was investigated in the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004, China. The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago. The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm, which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world. The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m^-2 d^-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m^-2 d^-1. Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 10^4 km^2, it emitted （5.9 ± 4.0） × 10^3 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day. The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

定结县幅、陈塘区幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

发现上三叠统朗杰学群中产有白垩纪箭石、中侏罗统拉弄拉组产出小型硅化木、下石炭统纳兴组存在重力流沉积.将聂拉木群解体为古元古代马卡鲁杂岩和中-新元古代扎西惹嘎岩组,并在该套变质岩系中发现高压基性麻粒岩和超镁铁岩.厘定了拉轨岗日变质核杂岩,将拉轨岗日群解体为抗青大岩组和拉轨岗日杂岩2部分.确定了晚新生代南北向不同类型的伸展构造和地壳多层次韧性剪切带.     

浙江省瑞安市曹建绢云母矿床地质特征、成因机理探析及找矿方向

本较系统地介绍了绢云母矿区地质概况和矿床地质特征，并通过成因矿物学论述，对矿床成因机理进行了探讨分析，指出了下一步的找矿方向。     

福建和粤东近岸海域沉积物中PAHs的含量分布特征及来源分析

2007年11-12月采集福建和粤东近岸海域的沉积物样品,对沉积物中的PAHs含量、组成进行研究,分析了研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的分布特征、来源,并利用Long等人建立的评价模式对PAHs的生态风险进行了评价.研究结果为深入研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的地球化学行为提供了科学依据.结果表明：研究海域PAHs的含量范围为52.93-398.50 ng/g,平均值为170.30 ng/g,研究发现闽江径流是影响海区沉积物中PAHs含量分布的重要因素之一.通过不同环数PAHs的相对丰度和异构体比值分析,对研究海区沉积物中PAHs进行了溯源分析,发现厦门以北海域沉积物中的PAHs主要来自化石燃料燃烧,而厦门以南海域则主要来源于石油污染.生态风险评价结果显示,研究海域PAHs对生物体极少产生负面生态效应,潜在生态风险很小.