天山博格达峰北坡气象条件与冰川物质平衡的关系(英文)

在东天山冰川上,积累和消融是在暖季同时发生的,故分别对积累量和消融量的测量是困难的。为了单独估算积累和消融,夏天我们在D-5冰川附近进行了气象观测。与地面气温相比较,发现冰川上气温比较低,且具有较小的日变化幅度。由高空天气图的分析可知,降水的主要原因可归结于来自极地的冷槽。固态降水发生的频数(S:%)和地面气温(T:℃)之间的关系对冰川积累很重要,这种关系(S=25T 108)可由观测结果得到。消融(a:厘米水层)和日积温(∑T:日平均气温之和,℃·日)也可由关系式(a=1.5∑T)得到。通过这些关系的应用,我们可以估算冰川上积累、消融和物质平衡。除冰川为具有高反射率的新雪所覆盖面外,计算的物质平衡和观测结果很吻合,气象条件和物质平衡与尼伯尔喜马拉雅山冰川进行了简要的比较。     

基于地面三维激光扫描的三峡库区危岩体监测

三峡水库周期性蓄水改变了岸坡内的地下水渗流场和应力场,降低岩土体的剪切强度,对库岸边坡、岩体稳定性影响很大。以往库区岸坡岩体形变监测主要通过设置固定点进行观测,难以发现岩体整体变化情况。地面三维激光扫描方法能获取岩体整体表面厘米精度的点云数据,具有无需接触目标、获取速度快、精度高等特点,非常适合库区高陡危岩体表面三维形变监测。以巫山箭穿洞危岩体为例,采用地面三维激光扫描方法对箭穿洞危岩体进行了为期2年（2017—2018年）共3期监测,以第一期观测目标周围稳定岩体数据为基准,对数据进行重叠点云迭代配准,点云配准精度优于±2.7 cm。针对箭穿洞危岩体在观测时段内的变化情况,构建危岩体区域的基准不规则三角网模型,以点到基准面最近距离法结合危岩体变化区间分析其变形。通过对比分析箭穿洞危岩体3期观测数据,发现相对于2017年,2018年箭穿洞危岩体左侧岩体有变形趋势;在库区蓄水阶段,危岩体局部多处存在明显凹陷变化,局部因蓄水影响发生约−0.03～−0.07 m变形。结果证明三维激光扫描技术在库岸高陡边坡形变监测中的有效性,为三峡库区高陡危岩体形变监测及地质灾害防治工作提供了参考。     

再论钻孔中计算岩层真厚度的简便公式

在利用钻孔资料计算岩层真厚度时,如能选用一个在任何歪斜钻孔下能准确又简便的求出岩层真厚度的合理公式,是一个值得明确的问题。笔者通过理论推导,认为朱显芝同志所推荐的公式是符合上述要求的。     

湖南衡阳、零陵一带中生代含煤地层的初步划分与对比

衡阳、零陵两地区中生代含煤地层,以前曾有朱森、赵金科、刘元镇等人在本区作过地质调查工作。解放后,又先后有十多个单位在这里找矿和填图。为搞清本区中生代含煤地层积累了很多资料,但对中生代含煤地层的划分、对比问题迄今未取得比较一致的意见(见表1）。     

天然顽火辉石的高分辨电镜观察

利用透射电镜研究了陨石和地幔岩中斜方辉石与斜顽辉石的多型转变:吉林陨石和清镇陨石顽火辉石中的斜顽辉石多型晶域宽度既有奇数倍也有偶数倍9A,双晶现象发育,出现频率高,是原顽火辉石转变而成。尖晶石和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩斜方辉石中的斜顽辉石仅具偶数倍9晶域宽度,未见双晶现象,出现频率低,是剪切应力作用下由斜方辉石转变而成。测量证实OREN向CLEN的相变按13.3°机制进行。在相应高温条件下,相变时应变率ε可能大于10~(-6)sec~(-1)。     

THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE BETWEEN LENGCHI(冷磧) AND HSINMIAOTZE(新廟子),ON THE BOUNDARY OF HSIKANG AND SZECHUAN

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION In the year 1930, Mr. Taichitao and Dr. Chuchiahua, then President and Vice-President of Sunyatsen University of Canton, were kind enough to offer me a chance to participate on the geological and topographical studies to     

西康道孚菜子溝鐵礦

民国二十七年十月二日早十時離道孚,沿新都河東北行,由格日過渡,上一陡坡沿河西岸行,涉兩小溪而抵菜子坡(海拔三千公尺)。由张鐵匠導引入菜子溝,该溝深而狭成V字形     

地热水中氨氮取样须知

水中氨氮是以游离状态NH_3或铵盐(NH_4~+)形式存在于水中。在一般天然水中,其含量是比较低的。通常取样方法将原样在现场密封,再带回实验室进行测定。而地下热水是一个较复杂的化学平衡体系,其氨氮含量较高,有的在几—几十mg/l以上。若按上     

测定地下热水中二氧化硅的方法比较

地下热水中二氧化硅的测定是一个重要项目,二氧化硅浓度可用作地热温标,为地热能的开发和利用提供信息。 一般天然水中,二氧化硅的含量通常为每升几十毫克左右,可直接用钼蓝分光光度法进行测定。而在地下热水中,二氧化硅的含量通常是较高的,尤其是高温地下热水,其二氧化硅含量在每升几百毫克以上。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.