太古宙陆壳的熔融层存在吗？：热力学估算及构造推断

笔者研究了太古宙陆壳中部分熔融层存在的条件和它们存在的后果。这可由一个已提出的最古老的云黄闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)地壳,用开放系统的分离结晶作用模式来解释,其涉及到小于50Km深处的全球性部分熔融层(Kramers,1988)。对于一个熔融层保存的先决条件是它应被固体的地壳覆盖着。因为在低压条件下,     

实验地球化学

实验地球化学(实验岩石学)是近代发展起来的一个重要地质学分支。它是以物理化学的基本原理为理论基础,运用高温高庄实验技术,对自然界内生岩石和矿床、矿物的形成作用和过程进行深入的人工模拟研究的学科。其目的在于使人们能更直观地了解地质作用的过程和机理,更正确地掌握成岩成矿和地壳的演化规律,从而有效地推动地质理论的发展。     

积雪变化导致格陵兰盖高度变化

地面冰盖对气候变化的反应可能会对未来的海平面变化产生重大的影响。近年来格陵兰南部的卫星调查显示 ,较大高度的冰盖总体高度变化甚小 ,但空间变化很大。当然仅仅依靠卫星数据难以测定是什么地球物理过程引起了这种高度变化以及近年的变化速率是否超过了正常变化速率。我们利用雪粒密度增大的物理模型和根据高海拔１２个冰心再造的年雪堆积记录 ,获取了１９７８～１９８８年格陵兰南部冰盖高度的变化。该堆积导致的高度变化模式与同期卫星测量的冰盖高度变化十分吻合 ,因此１９７８～１９８８年观测的变化可以归因于积雪的变化。对更长的…     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bivalves from the San Francisco estuary: Spatial distributions, temporal trends, and sources (1993-2001)

Bivalve tissue samples were examined over a range of spatial and temporal scales (1993-2001) to determine PAH distributions, trends, and possible sources. Mussels (Mytilus californianus), oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and clams (Corbicula fluminea) were deployed for three months in the estuary at stations remote from known point source discharges. The range of summation operatorPAH detected in bivalves was oysters 184-6899 microg/kg dry wt (mean 678 microg/kg dry wt), mussels 21-1093 microg/kg dry wt (mean 175 microg/kg dry wt), and clams 78-720 microg/kg dry wt (mean 323 microg/kg dry wt). Linear regression analysis showed no statistically significant (p>0.05) temporal trends in clam and mussel summation operatorPAH at any of the deployment stations or estuary segments. On the other hand, a statistically significant (p<0.05) decreasing trend was found in summation operatorPAH in oysters at the Petaluma River station, and in the North Estuary segment. PAH isomer pair ratios applied as diagnostic indicators suggested that the bioaccumulated PAH were derived primarily from petroleum combustion, with lesser amounts derived from biomass and coal combustion, and unburned petroleum.     

Nutrient dynamics at the sediment-water interface in a Mediterranean lagoon (Thau, France): influence of biodeposition by shellfish farming activities

The Thau Lagoon, a French Mediterranean shallow lagoon, is a site where extensive shellfish farming occurs. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the role of this activity on nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface in relation to organic matter (OM) sedimentation and degradation. Two stations inside (C5) and outside (C4) of the shellfish farming areas were sampled at three seasons. Porewater chemistry surveys and calculated diffusive fluxes were used to evaluate the trophic status of the Thau lagoon. Quantitative (Particulate Organic Carbon) as well as qualitative OM (Hydrogen Index, Carbohydrates) analyses were performed on sediments to assess OM characteristics. Results emphasized that surficial sediments at C5 are always more enriched in OM. Porewater nutrient concentrations are 10-20 times higher at C5 than at C4. In June 2003, the porewater profiles exhibit a sharp gradient at the bottom waters, indicating a hypereutrophic status, leading to an anoxic crisis.     

盐酸浓度和用量对粘土沉积物硼的提取和同位素组成的影响

研究了处理粘土沉积物时不同浓度盐酸和用量对溶出硼量及硼同位素组成的影响。结果表明,粘土沉积物中硼的溶出量随盐酸浓度的增加而增加,当盐酸浓度相同时,溶出的硼量随所加盐酸用量的增加而增加,加热有利于硼的溶出。实验结果还表明,粘土沉积物硼的溶出量对测定的硼同位素组成没有明显的影响。     

正热电离质谱同时测定硝酸盐中氮和氧同位素组成

初步研究了一种硝酸盐中氮和氧同位素质谱测定的新方法。该法利用石墨的非还原热离子发射特性 ,建立了以测定 Cs2 NO2 + 离子的正热电离质谱测定硝酸盐中氮和氧同位素组成的过程 ,对方法的可行性、特点和存在的问题进行了讨论 ,并对几种测定氮和氧同位素的方法进行了比较。运用正热电离质谱法对几种不同厂家生产的硝酸盐试剂的氮和氧同位素组成进行了测定 ,发现氮和氧同位素组成存在较大的差异     

盐卤硼酸盐化学Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅴ Ⅲ硼氧酸盐结晶液固相硼同位素组成

实验研究了硼氧酸盐在水溶液结晶沉淀后液固相硼同位素组成，结果表明，硼氧酸盐结晶固相的硼同位素组成与溶液相ｐＨ、总硼浓度及析出固相后固液相硼摩尔比有关，不仅存在正的硼同位素分馏效应，而且存在负的硼同位素分馏效应。