黄土中硼的同位素组成变化及其气候示踪意义研究

自然界中硼的同位素组成变化很大（δ11B=-30‰～+40‰）,但在不问类型地质体中的分布或一定地质地球化学过程造成的分馏却有特定的范围。硼同位素分馏的主要原因是流体-固体反应体系的pH条件和水-岩比值变化。     

Measurements in N2-CH4(C2H2) discharges of reaction rates and thermochemical constants for Titan atmosphere study

The kinetic reactions in N2-xCH4(C2H2) gas discharges with x less than 1% have been studied by emission spectroscopy in the afterglow of D.C. discharges and by mass spectroscopy from radiolysis ionization using alpha particles. The pressure range is from several Torr to 100 Torr. At the end of N2 D.C. discharges at room temperature, for a residence time of about 10(-2) s, the dominant active species are the N atoms with density of 10(14)-10(15) cm-3 for N2 density of about 10(17) cm-3 (3 Torr), the N2(X,V) vibrational molecules with for example [N2(X,V = 10)] approximately 10(14) cm-3 and the electronic metastable molecules N2(A 3 sigma u +) with a density of 10(12) cm-3. In such conditions, the following kinetic reactions have been studied: N2(A) + N2(A) --> N2(C,B,V') + N2(X), N2(A) + N2(X,V>5) --> N2(X) + N2(B,V') in pure N2 post-discharges and N2(A) + CH4 --> products, C + N + M2 --> CN(B,V') + M2, N2(X,V>4) + CN --> N2(X) + CN(B,A,V'), in N2-1% CH4 post-discharges. The clustering reactions of N2-(1-5%)CH4(C2H2) gas mixtures after radiolysis ionization have been studied for the H2CN+ nN2 ions and the equilibrium constants have been determined in the temperature range T = 140-300 K.     

SO4^2—、NO3^—对氯同位素测定的干扰及其消除

在石墨存在下用正热电离质谱法测定 Cs2 Cl+正离子是氯同位素测定的最佳方法 ,但实验过程中发现 ,SO42 - 和 NO3- 的存在对测定的干扰较严重。在系统地研究了 SO42 - 和 NO3- 对氯同位素测定影响的基础上 ,定性地给出了在 SO42 -和 NO3-影响下 ,部分仪器聚焦参数的变化 ,并对影响的机理做了一些解释。着重探讨了不产生影响的 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的最高浓度及 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的消除方法 ,以期指导相关的工作     

Determination of HBCD, PBDEs and MeO-BDEs in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003

Blubber samples from male California sea lions (Zalphophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003 were analyzed for 27 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, three isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 14 methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (MeO-BDE) congeners. Total PBDEs ranged from 450 ng/g to 4740 ng/g wet mass and total HBCD ranged from < 0.3 ng/g to 12 ng/g wet mass. The concentration of HBCD increased from 0.7 ng/g to12.0 ng/g wet mass in sea lion blubber between 1993 and 2003. However, no significant temporal trend was observed for any of the other brominated compounds over this 10 year period. Only one of the 14 MeO-BDE congeners was detected in the blubber samples, 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-MeO-BDE 47), and concentrations ranged from < 0.2 ng/g to 12 ng/g wet mass. A bromo-, chloro-heterocyclic compound, 1,1'-dimethyl-tetrabromo-dichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (DBP-Br4Cl2), previously reported in marine species along the Pacific coast, was also identified in the sea lion blubber. DBP-Br4Cl2 ranged from 44 ng/g wet mass to 660 ng/g wet mass and was present at concentrations rivaling the dominant PBDE congener, BDE 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether). Concentrations of DBP-Br4Cl2 were positively correlated with 6-MeO-BDE 47 (r = 0.7; p < 0.05). Both of these compounds have been identified in marine algae and sponges, and studies suggest they are both produced from natural sources. This study demonstrates that brominated compounds from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources can accumulate to similar levels in marine mammals. In addition, HBCD concentrations appear to be increasing in California sea lion populations, whereas PBDE concentrations, between 1993 and 2003, were highly variable.     

离子交换用于矿物中硼的质谱测定

矿物水中硼的含量可以在痕量到几百个ppm 范围内改变。对于不同浓度范围的硼的测定,除了采用许多滴定和比色法以外,现在的同位素稀释法分析被证明是有兴趣的,除了精密和准确以外,还有不需要进行定量分离的优点。分离操作中,使用最多的是甲酯的硼酸蒸馏和离子交换。而硼酸甲酯的蒸馏法     

Effects of changing land use on the microbial water quality of tidal creeks

Population growth along the southeastern United States coast has precipitated the conversion of forested watersheds to suburban and urban ones. This study sampled creeks representing forested, suburban, and urban watersheds along a longitudinal gradient for indicators of water quality, including traditional indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and enterococci) and alternative viral indicators (male-specific and somatic coliphages). Tested microorganisms were generally distributed with highest concentrations in creek headwaters and in more developed watersheds. The headwaters also showed the strongest predictive relationship between indicator concentrations and urbanization as measured by impervious cover. A seasonal pattern was observed for indicator bacteria but not for indicator viruses. Coliphage typing indicated the likely source of contamination was nonhuman. Results suggest that headwater creeks can serve as sentinel habitat, signaling early warning of public health concerns from land-based anthropogenic activities. This study also implies the potential to eventually forecast indicator concentrations under land use change scenarios.     

对正热电离质谱法硼同位素测定的实验设计和条件优化

为了确定正热电离质谱法测定硼同位素时的最佳实验条件 ,采用均匀设计法进行实验表头设计 ,并用MATLAB进行数据处理和回归模型优化。将最佳优化条件应用于硼同位素测定中 ,得到了与理论计算相吻合的高精度测定结果。     

不同pH值下的珊瑚养殖实验

本文建立了一种科研用室内珊瑚养殖中新生长珊瑚的培植方法,解决了养殖珊瑚中新生长珊瑚样品的培植和采集问题。按照所改进的珊瑚养殖技术和建立的新生长珊瑚的培植方法完成了在不同海水pH值环境下的珊瑚养殖实验,同时达到对养殖中研究参数控制的简化和有效地目的。测定了在养殖过程中各水化学参数的变化,获得了新生长的珊瑚样品,为利用硼同位素组成指示海洋环境的变化提供载体。