电解质浓溶液的离子选择电极选择系数的测定

采用干扰离子的加入法，并利用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程，获得了离子选择电极在高浓度电解质溶液中的干扰离子选择系数。给出了实验原理、实验过程及测定结果，并与常用的分别溶液法和混合溶液法的测定结果进行了比较和讨论。采用干扰离子的加入法测定高浓度电解质溶液中离子选择电极的选择系数，更好地反映了在高浓度电解质溶液中离子选择电极对干扰离子的电位响应。     

黄土风化过程的硼同位素地球化学研究

采用低硼高杂质离子样品硼同位素分析方法测定了黄土、古土壤样品中酸溶相硼含量及硼同位素组成. 洛川黄土S₀~S₂剖面酸溶相硼含量变化范围为(0.8 ~ 2.7)×10^-6, 其δ¹¹B值在-1.8 ~ +18.6‰之间变化, 多集中在0 ~ +10‰之间. 古土壤层的硼含量及δ¹¹B高于黄土层, 尤以S₁表现最显著. 引起剖面上酸溶相硼含量及δ¹¹B值变化的主要原因是化学风化作用和粘土吸附作用强度的变化. 气候条件变化所引起的风化作用强度的变化可能是酸溶相硼含量及δ¹¹B值发生变化的原因.     

氯同位素质谱法测定进展

主要总结了测定氯同位素比值的四种质谱法 :由电子轰击产生的基于HCl+离子的气体质谱法、基于CH3 Cl+离子的气体质谱法、基于Cl-离子负热电离质谱法 (NTIMS)和基于Cs2 Cl+离子正热电离质谱法(PTIMS)。并分析了使用这四种方法测定氯同位素时处理含氯样品和使用仪器测定样品氯同位素的方法及其优缺点 ,对测定结果的精度进行了比较 ,最后对测定氯同位素发展前景进行了展望。     

Michigan basin regional ground water flow discharge to three Great Lakes

Ground water discharge to the Great Lakes around the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is primarily from recharge in riparian basins and proximal upland areas that are especially important to the northern half of the Lake Michigan shoreline. A steady-state finite-difference model was developed to simulate ground water flow in four regional aquifers in Michigan's Lower Peninsula: the Glaciofluvial, Saginaw, Parma-Bayport, and Marshall aquifers interlayered with the Till/"red beds," Saginaw, and Michigan confining units, respectively. The model domain was laterally bound by a continuous specified-head boundary, formed from lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, with the St. Clair and Detroit River connecting channels. The model was developed to quantify regional ground water flow in the aquifer systems using independently determined recharge estimates. According to the flow model, local stream stages and discharges account for 95% of the overall model water budget; only 50% enters the lakes directly from the ground water system. Direct ground water discharge to the Great Lakes' shorelines was calculated at 36 m3/sec, accounting for 5% of the overall model water budget. Lowland areas contribute far less ground water discharge to the Great Lakes than upland areas. The model indicates that Saginaw Bay receives only approximately 1.13 m3/sec ground water; the southern half of the Lake Michigan shoreline receives only approximately 2.83 m3/sec. In contrast, the northern half of the Lake Michigan shoreline receives more than 17 m3/sec from upland areas.     

海洋生物碳酸盐δ11B-pH技术研究进展

利用海洋生物碳酸盐硼同位素组成重建古海水pH的研究通常被称为δ11B-pH技术.近年来,该领域的研究取得了许多重要的成果.但由于理论上尚不完善,随着研究的深入,提出的问题也逐渐增多,如δ11Bcarb=δ11B4的假设能否成立,理论的α4-3值也尚未确定.本文综述了近年来的研究成果,重点讨论海洋生物碳酸盐硼同位素恢复古海水pH三个主要理论基础的研究进展,展望了利用海洋生物碳酸盐硼同位素恢复古海水pH的前景.