黄淮海平原夏季降水与前期全球OLR场的相关分析

在用ＥＯＦ方法分析黄淮海平原夏季降水空间分布特征并进行分区的基础上，计算各自然区月降水量与前期月平均ＯＬＲ场的点相关系数，分析相关关键区的时空分布，以及多雨和少雨年份ＯＬＲ场的前期特征。发现，黄淮海平原夏季月降水量与全球ＯＬＲ场既存在空间上的遥相关，也存在时间上的后滞相关性。以关键区内ＯＬＲ距平平均作为因子，经二级筛选建立６月份降水预报模型，对历史实况拟合较好。     

碳酸盐矿物的包裹有机质及其生油意义

Fluorescent slice observations have revealed a considerable amount of organic matter enclosed in carbonate minerals, most of it giving off yellow-brown fluorescence and being zonally distributed in calcite and dolomite. The amount of enclosed organic matter released from the enclosure when treated with HCl is two times higher than that of extractable organic mattes in the same rock sample. In comparison to the extractable organic matter, the enclosed organic matter is possessed of some compositional characters of its own. In terms of the distribution of biological markess, it is suggested that the enclosed organic matter may be low in maturity relative to the extractable organic matter in the same source rock.Results of the simulating experiments under high temperatures and pressures show that this kind of organic matter enclosed in carbonate minerals can be converted into oil-generating substances. Therefore, detailed studies of the enclosed organic matter are of much help to the evaluation of oil-generating potentiality of carbonate source rocks.     

Disposal of wastewater containing Congo Red by synthesizing layer double hydroxide in-situ

Based on the principle of synthesis, a new method was put forward to dispose Congo Red anion-containing dyestuff from wastewater and its feasibility was also examined. The principle of the method is described as follows: Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are hydrolyzed to form Mg/Al-LDH by adding Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and NaOH in wastewater containing anion dyestuff, which is selectively intercalated with the interlayer of LDH in order to balance positive structural charge. While Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are co-precipitated to form LDH, the anion dyestuff in wastewater will be removed by LDH synthesized in-situ, as is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of settlings and chemical analysis of aqueous samples. In this work, we studied the influence of Mg/Al mole ratio, pH value, time and temperature of reaction on the removal of anion dyestuff and the use of Mg and Al. The experimental results showed the maximum removal efficiency of anion dyestuff could be attained when pH value was 9.0, and Mg/Al mol ratio was 2: 1, reaction duration was 2 hours, and the effect of temperature was not remarkable, and the removal efficiency could reach 100%. Meanwhile, the Mg and Al added could be made good use of. This technology has the advantage of extraordinary efficiency of wastewater disposal. Foundation item: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40472026).     

科技论文中图表的制作与使用

阐述了科技论文中插图和表格的作用、分类以及应遵循的制作原则,依照有关科技书刊编排格式和图表制作与使用等国家标准,详细介绍了几种常用插图和表格的设计制造和选用。     

我国小矿有序发展的若干政策建议

我国矿产资源赋存状态及分布状况决定了我国小型矿多、大中型矿少的特点。小矿是我国矿业经济重要而不可缺少的组成部分,在当前和今后相当长的时期内,小矿对经济和社会发展起到重要而不可替代的作用。同时,目前小矿在发展过程中存在着浪费矿产资源、破坏矿山生态环境、安全事故频发等实际问     

2000-2014年人类活动对贵州省植被净初级生产力的影响

利用MODIS实际净初级生产力数据与CASA模型估算得到的潜在净初级生产力,建立贵州省2000-2014年人类活动相对贡献指数(RCI),并依据各县喀斯特地貌面积和等级比例探究其年际变化及空间分布特征,再通过相关分析辨析选定的人类活动因子对其的影响。结果表明:(1)贵州省RCI均小于-0.5,人类活动促进了植被净初级生产力的增加,以2007年为转折点,影响程度先增强后减弱;(2)贵州省东北部、中部及西部地区的RCI多大于0,人类活动对生态环境有负面干扰作用;东南部及北部边缘地带的RCI多小于-1,人类活动的正面影响较强;(3)贵州省中部、北部大部分地区的RCI缓慢下降,人类活动对植被的正面影响增强;东南部部分区域的RCI由负转正,人类活动负面干扰作用增强;西南边界地区的RCI呈上升趋势却仍为负值,人类干预程度呈减弱趋势;(4)贵州省农业活动在人类活动的负面影响中有重要作用;城镇化与经济发展对生态环境既有正面影响,也有不可避免的负面干扰。     

预应力混凝土斜拉桥的抗风稳定性分析

针对预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工最大单悬臂、最大双悬臂及成桥状态,对结构动力特性及抗风稳定性进行分析,得出了主梁位移及全桥的内力分布情况,并且对抗风稳定性能给予了评价。     

中南地区地质工作情况及相关建议

中南地区是我国的经济腹地,起着承东启西、接南进北、吸引四面、辐射八方的作用。同时,中南地区矿产资源丰富,又是我国的能源基地和原材料基地。但是中南地区地质调查工作滞后,部分大宗支柱性矿产资源勘查的有效投入减少,资源可供性下降;环境地质工作不能充分为国民经济建设和生存环境改善提供广泛的支撑。原因主要在于地质调查工作体制不顺,公益性与商业性地质工作有效衔接不够以及人才紧缺等。建议调整地质工作结构,加强基础性地质工作调查;在属地化管理的基础上,进一步加大对省级地勘行业的指导,形成上挂下联、条块结合的管理格局;落实好属地化管理的各项政策,切实解决地勘职工的民生问题。