南京市热岛效应变化时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系

利用遥感数据和气象统计数据分析自1985年以来南京市热岛效应变化的时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系。结果表明:自1985年以来,南京市热岛效应强度和范围在增长。南京市的年均温逐年上升,与郊区六合县的温差呈上升趋势;南京市建成区内4级热岛效应面积增加了107.88km²。热岛效应增长在空间上存在差异,大厂>雨花台>市辖区>栖霞>浦口>江宁。南京市土地利用变化的结果使得热岛效应空间分布更广泛,城镇居民点及工矿用地利用强度变化最大的地方即城市热岛效应增加最多的地方,两者在空间上具有很好的吻合;而和城镇居民点及工矿用地的扩展规模没有很好的空间相关性。     

定量专题地图制图初探

本文讨论了定量专题地图的定义及其分类;并结合定量专题地图制图特点,通过制作张家港市经济系列专题地图,探讨了定量专题地图制图自动化的优越性及技术关键。     

20世纪80年代以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局(英文)

Land-use/land-cover changes(LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets(CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes(LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years(1990–2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included(1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in theHuang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin;(2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China;(3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and(4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural–pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.     

基于多粒度时空对象的作战实体对象化建模研究

现代战争的军事作战数据来源广泛多样,目前对于军事作战的数据模型研究主要针对其时空属性进行描述,对于作战实体的多样化特征缺乏完整的表达,难以挖掘多维度的作战信息.多粒度时空对象建模是依照多粒度时空对象数据模型框架,将时空实体简化和抽象为数据模型,对复杂的现实世界进行概括与表达.本文在分析作战实体信息和特点的基础上,依托多...     

城市供水管网信息系统的设计与集成

为提高城市供水管网信息系统的开发效率,采用先进的集成开发技术,使用Delphi开发前台可执行应用程序,在后台以OLE自动化方式启动GIS工具软件,实现应用程序中GIS功能,提高供水管网信息系统的功能,为城市供水管网管理现代化奠定基础。     

基于可用性调查的电子地图多模式符号体系建立

电子地图的个性化制作和实用性要求已经成为热点问题。介绍电子地图多模式符号体系的有关内容,利用可用性调查的方法,对电子地图多模式符号体系的框架构建、建立和改进等问题进行分析研究,建立了一套具有权威性的电子地图多模式符号体系,可为电子地图的显示提供一定的标准和依据。     

面向西方用户的国界电子地图研究与实践

中西方电子地图设计存在着较大的差异,本文从地图符号色彩,地名罗马化和特效符号的运用三个方面进行了研究,设计了面向西方用户的国界电子地图。     

基于主区形态分析的专题地图自动布局研究

随着专题地图的广泛应用,地图的自动布局与快速输出也受到了更多的关注。作者通过分析总结专题地图的布局原则,归纳了常见的地图布局方式,设计了适用于专题地图快速输出的自动布局过程。本文重点阐述了主区形态分析的过程与方法,包括边界数据的压缩、边界最小外接矩形的计算等。通过反复实验,证明该主区形态分析方法科学有效,得出的布局方式基本合理,有利于专题地图快速输出的实现。     

一种基于语义分簇聚类的P2P空间数据索引机制

分布式环境下空间数据的索引是空间数据处理中一个关键性的基础问题,引入了控制点及四叉树划分结构,并通过Hash函数把控制点映射到Chord网络中,在此基础上提出了基于语义的分簇聚类分布式四叉树的空间数据索引机制(spatial data index based on clustering distributed quad-tree,SDI-CDQT),该机制主要包含四叉树划分、空间数据查询和分簇聚类3个子算法。实验表明,SDI-CDQT机制是可行和有效的。