鲁甸地震灾后重建的综合地理分析与对策研讨

地震灾区是地表各圈层相互作用最剧烈、人地关系最紧张的区域。深入开展综合地理研究对于协调这一区域的人地关系,促进区域可持续发展有着重大的意义。本文首先对鲁甸灾前的资源环境特点与区域发展特征进行了评价和分析,发现该地区生态环境脆弱、人口密度大、贫困面广、生产生活对资源的依赖程度高、资源环境长期处于超载状态。进而,针对性地提出了尽早启动资源环境承载能力评价,科学制定重建规划,体制机制创新,以及开展整个青藏高原边缘地带及近邻地区的防灾减灾系统研究和整体规划等对策建议。     

区域发展差距测度指标体系探讨

区域发展差距是自然、经济和社会等多种因素共同作用的结果。建立区域发展差距测度指标体系反映了区域发展差距研究从单要素、单指标走向多要素、多指标综合测度的发展趋势。本文在进行区域发展差距概念界定、构成要素类型划分,以及阐述构建区域发展差距测度指标体系遵循的基本原则基础上,通过对区域发展差距构成要素进行甄别、归类和属性特征分析,筛选、构建和设计出了以衡量民生质量为导向的区域发展差距宏观和微观测度指标体系。宏观测度指标体系由3个综合指标、18个要素指标和54个属性指标构成;微观测度指标体系由3个综合指标、14个要素指标和70个属性指标构成。     

我国主体功能区规划的时代背景、科学内涵、目标导向和政策框架(英文)

主体功能区规划是新世纪以来我国在地域空间规划方面的一次重大创新和实践,"十二五"规划上升为国土空间开发和区域协调发展领域的国家战略之一。本文从改革开放以来我国区域发展失衡的三大主要问题:区域发展差距扩大、城镇化盲目、国土开发无序的分析入手,论述了通过地域空间规划确定合理的地域功能格局和国土空间开发结构的客观需求。进而探讨了地域功能的科学内涵和形成机制,揭示了自然生态本底功能和人类活动需求功能复合形成地域功能的过程;并结合主体功能区规划编制中的关键科学问题,如主体功能识别的指标体系选择、功能区的空间组织以及功能开发导向的确定等关键科学问题,探究了解决的具体路径和相关方案,并就支撑主体功能区规划实施的相关政策导向和改革框架进行了阐述。最后,从规划职责体系、空间规划体系和科技支撑体系三个方面对今后的实施、发展和完善主体功能区战略进行了讨论。     

汶川地震灾后重建地区的人口容量分析

Assessment of population carrying capacity is a key task in the reconstruction planning of areas struck by disasters, in which the precision of estimation is required. This study developed a decision-making model for estimating the population capacity of the involved townships and cities in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake based on the assessment of the suitability for reconstruction of the areas. Through analysis, arable land resources were argued to be the critical constraint of population capacity in these areas. Then, the spatial differentiations of the post-quake development conditions across different regions were analyzed with respect to their natural environments, socio-economic development and quake damages. The expected levels of urbanization, family incomes and income structures, output levels of land, and the reliance of agricultural population on arable land were estimated by different regions. With these parameters, the population capacities of the involved townships and cities in three scenarios were estimated. The total population capacity of the entire areas is abundant compared with the actual post-quake population; however, the status of over-population substantially varies across space. It was suggested to put the emphasis of post-quake resettlement policy on those counties where earthquake had been the main causes of over-population. In the Full Recovery Scenario, three mountain counties were identified including Wenchuan, Beichuan and Maoxian, with a total over-population of about 100,000 people.     

利用外资与发展国际产业联系——山东半岛韩国投资企业典型调查分析

基于对山东半岛韩国投资企业进行典型企业访问调查的数据和认识,力图从企业角度认识我国外资和发展国际产业联系之间的关系,了解和分析韩国投资者的具体投资动机及其对当地投资环境的评价,深入认识我国山东半岛地区和韩国之间资金流动以及经济技术联系的主要机制和动态格局。通过对韩国投资企业产业联系基本特征的解剖分析,论证韩国投资对我国发展国际产业联系,推动我国地方经济参与国际劳动地域分工的作用。从而为进一步加强中     

环渤海地区水污染物排放的时空格局及其驱动因素

本文基于地级行政单元的水污染物排放和社会经济截面数据,分析环渤海地区水污染物排放的流域特征与时空分异,定量解析环渤海地区及高强度排放聚集区内水污染物排放的驱动因素。研究结果表明：①海河流域是环渤海地区纳污量最大、增量最突出的流域,其化学需氧量和氨氮排放分别占区域排放总量的38.94%、39.23%。②2005年以来,环渤海地区水污染物高排放区从零星分布向连片分布转变,京津冀、山东半岛、辽中南已成为水污染物高排放区的叠加区域。③环渤海地区水污染物排放具有显著空间溢出效应,且空间关联程度呈增大趋势,水污染排放热度呈沿海向内陆递减态势,海河流域热度显著高于其他流域,沿海合作区显著高于内陆协作区;京津冀长期处于热点区和次热区,热区覆盖范围由海河向淮河流域拓展。④不同水污染物排放的驱动因素差异显著,对化学需氧量排放而言,经济增长速度、固定资产投资因素呈较强的正向带动,而城镇化水平和工业化程度表现出显著负向影响;对氨氮排放来说,人口规模呈正向带动,固定资产投资和外商直接投资亦有一定正向影响,经济发展水平则呈现显著的抑制作用。     

中国地理科学学科体系浅析

新的国际和国内形势为地理科学带了新的发展机遇,同时也提出了更高的要求。以《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究（2021—2035）》地理科学的学科规划为契机,本文系统梳理了新时期地理科学的学科体系。根据地理科学现状和发展趋势,中国地理科学可划分为综合地理学、自然地理学、人文地理学和信息地理学4个二级学科,各二级学科下的三级学科也基本成熟,有些三级学科下的四级学科名称也在普遍使用。我们希望以这一新的学科体系为支点,完善地理科学的学科分支,推动地理科学框架下新兴学科的发展,更好地服务于新时期国际及国家的战略需求。     

《产业转移与中国区域空间结构优化》评介

正"十三五"期间,全面促进区域协调发展,优化区域空间结构,仍然是国民经济社会发展的重大任务。我国将在深入实施区域发展总体战略的基础上,以"一带一路"建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展为引领,形成沿海沿江沿线经济带为主的纵向横向经济轴带,塑造要素有序自由流动、主体功能约束有效、基本公共服务均等、资源环境可承载的区域协调发展新格局。产业转移是要素流动的体现,合理有序的产业转移将促进区域产业结构调整,形成区域产业分工与     

中印城镇化区域差异及城镇体系空间演化比较（英文）

As two rising great powers, China and India have undergone similar development processes, but they also exhibit significant differences in development paths and patterns. The significant differences in political systems, economic systems, and developmental environment between the two countries have attracted great attention from scholars. This research focuses on the regional differences and spatial evolution processes in urbanization and urban systems between the two countries from a geographical perspective. Based on the demographic censuses of both countries and the urban population data from the United Nations, this paper systematically compared and analyzed the spatial characteristics of urbanization and urban systems in China and India using various methods including spatial analysis, parameter estimation, and nonparametric estimation. The results indicate that:(1) Since the 1990 s, the regional differences in urbanization in China have transformed from south-north differences to coastal-inland differences, whereas the north-south differences in India have been stable.(2) In recent years, the correlation between population density and urbanization rate kept increasing in China, while such correlation has been decreasing in India.(3) The economic reform posed significantly different effects on the spatial evolution of the urban systems in the two countries. The economic reform changed the major driving force for urban development in China from geographical and historical factors to the spatial structure of the economic system. However, in India, the driving forces for urban development have always been geographical and historical factors, and the economic reform even decreased the effect of the spatial structure of the economic system on urban development.     

中国城市化与非农化水平的相关分析及省际差异

在探讨了20世纪80和90年代中国城市化进程与产值结构和就业结构非农化演变的相互关系基础上,揭示了城市化与非农就业水平之间的偏差呈逐步缩小的基本规律;并从静态与动态两个方面,对中国城市化与非农化水平进行了省域类型划分;重点围绕省域产业结构演变和产业就业弹性变化,解剖了两者偏差形成的原因及其相关关系的内在机理。