全球各激光测月分析中心确定UT1—UTC值的比较

本文研究了1986－1988年美国喷气推进实验室、法国地球动力学中心和上海天文台用激光测月资料推算的UT1－UTC值，并与国际地球自转参数服务给出的UT1－UTC值作比较，得到各分析中心推算UT1－UTC值的内符和外符。     

有关非刚体地球章动研究的进展

对目前国际上有关非刚体地球章动研究的时展作了简要回顾，重点介绍了包含海洋和大气的非刚体地球章动模型和有关研究工作，并对将来的发展方向作了讨论。     

Densification and grain coarsening of melting snow

A field work was conducted at Moshiri in Japan. The work included intensive snow pit work, taking snow grain photos, recording snow and air temperatures, as well as measuring snow water content. By treating the snow as a viscous fluid, it is found that the snow compactive viscosity decreases as the density increases, which is opposite to the relation for dry snow. Based on the measurements of snow grain size, it is shown that, similar to the watersaturated snow, the frequency distributions of grain size at different times almost have the same shape. This reveals that the waterunsaturated melting snow holds the same graincoarsening behavior as the watersaturated snow does. It is also shown that the waterunsaturated melting snow coarsens much more slowly than the watersaturated snow. The C value, which is the viscosity when the snow density is zero, is related to the mean grain size and found to decrease with increasing grain size. The decreasing rate of C value increases with decreasing graincoarsening rate.     

用照相底片改进依巴谷星的自行

本文用佘山４０厘米折射望远镜拍摄的历元间隔约为３０年的９张底片上共１７次露光观测，以ＰＰＭ星表作为初始参考星表，用中心重迭法进行叠代归算，得到了射电源０３１６十４１３附近的２８颗星的高精度位置和自行，其中６颗为依巴谷星，这些依巴谷星的赤经自行和赤纬自行内部误差的平均值分别为■年和■年．     

国际天球参考系

阐述了１９９８年１月４日起ＩＡＵ采用的天球参考系的定义,以及它与以往采用的光学天球参考架ＦＫ５的关系。介绍了国际天球参考系在射电波段的实现过程,其稳定性的维持方法和它与依巴谷星表之间的关系。重点描述了影响国际天球参考架稳定性的物理因素－河外射电源的结构及其变化,射电源喷流的视超光速现象和由银河系盘星和大质量致密晕的引力透镜效应引起的视自行等。     

介绍一种新的悬移質泥沙採样器——水压式採样器

一、原理水压式悬移質采样器的原理,是用靜水压力(即虹吸作用)和流速水头作为动能来采取各測点水样,并用进口管咀与管徑的大小差別和水头高度来控制进口流速的原理而試制成功的。我們从水力学得知,要取得河中任何一点处的水样,只要將虹吸管出水口放在低于水面的地方,使之有水头差存在,則完全可以吸取河流中任何深度上一点的水样,这个道理是