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利用2007-2009年Cloud Sat卫星云廓线雷达(nadir-pointing cloud profiling radar,CPR)资料,气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Global Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate,COSMIC)掩星资料,分析了不同类型云内COSMIC掩星资料与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)分析场之间的折射率偏差特征。COSMIC与ECMWF和NCEP之间的折射率偏差分别用NbiasECMWF和NbiasNCEP表示。研究发现,NbiasECMWF在积云、层积云、高积云和高层云中的最大值分别为1.2%、0.2%、0.5%和0.2%,而NbiasNC... 相似文献
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以蔬菜为例,建立农业产、供、销信息网络服务系统,并以金堂县主导农产品为对象试作电子商务网页,以供该县在新一轮农业产业化结构调整中应用。 相似文献
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利用2007—2013年COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate)掩星RO(Radio Occutaion)资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心ECM WF(European Centre for M ediumRange Weather Forecasts)分析资料,研究了COSM IC RO探测的大气折射率及其反演的温度和水汽在青藏高原及其周边地区的偏差特征。结果表明,在夏季和秋季,高原,西南季风区和东部平原地区,大气折射率在对流层里均存在系统性的正偏差,其中高原偏差最大,在夏季可达0. 7%。冬季和春季,大气折射率在青藏高原对流层中下部有小的正偏差,而在西南季风区和平原地区对流层中下部有明显的负偏差。温度和水汽是折射率的反演产品,折射率的正偏差对应着温度的负偏差和水汽的正偏差。因此夏季高原地区的温度和相对湿度偏差可达-0. 5℃和7%。同时,夏季在西南季风区对流层顶出现了11%的相对湿度偏差。对流层下层折射率的负偏差和低层大气多路径效应有关,折射率正偏差和大气中的云水有关。对流层顶附近的相对湿度偏差,则是由于ECMWF模式结果不精确所引入的。 相似文献
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To improve the simulation of the surface radiation budget and related thermal processes in arid regions, three sophisticated surface albedo schemes designed for such regions were incorporated into the Biosphere- Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). Two of these schemes are functions of the solar zenith angle (SZA), where the first one has one adjustable parameter defined as SZA1 scheme, and the second one has two empirical parameters defined as SZA2 scheme. The third albedo scheme is a function of solar angle and soil water that were developed based on arid-region observations from the Dunhuang field experiment (DHEX) (defined as DH scheme). We evaluated the performance of the original and newly-incorporated albedo schemes within BATS using the in-situ data from the Oasis System Energy and Water Cycle Field Experiment that was carried out in JinTa, Gansu arid area (JTEX). The results indicate that a control run by the original version of the BATS generates a constant albedo, while the SZA1 and SZA2 schemes basically can reproduce the observed diurnal cycle of surface albedo, although these two schemes still underestimate the albedo when SZA is high in the early morning and late afternoon, and overestimate it when SZA is low during noontime. The SZA2 scheme has a better overall performance than the SZA1 scheme. In addition, BATS with the DH scheme slightly improves the albedo simulation in magnitude as compared to that from the control run, but a diurnal cycle of albedo is not produced by this scheme. The SZA1 and SZA2 schemes significantly increase the surface absorbed solar radiation by nearly 70 W m^-2, which further raises the ground temperature by 6 K and the sensible heat flux by 35 W m^-2. The increased solar radiation, heat flux, and temperature are more consistent with the observations that those from the control run. However, a significant improvement in these three variables is not found in BATS with the DH scheme due to the neglect of the diurnal cycle of albedo. Further analysis indi 相似文献
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同化应用一种新型观测资料前,对新型观测资料开展质量评估必不可少。为了实现往返平飘式探空资料的同化应用,基于GNSS掩星观测资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析评估了往返平飘式探空“上升-平飘-下降”三段观测中温度资料的质量。在平飘段使用Cressman算法对其插值并与掩星干温度进行对比,发现平飘段日间受太阳辐射的加热影响,其温度存在明显的正偏差,夜间则表现为弱的温度负偏差。采用ERA-Interim再分析资料与掩星、往返平飘式探空平飘段资料做交叉对比,进一步验证了上述结果。分析了平飘段与掩星干温度偏差随地方时的变化情况,发现了日间温度偏差的平均范围为7~10℃,夜间为-4~0℃。参照WMO对于温度不确定度的规定,日间温度观测接近边界目标6℃,夜间则符合突破目标。往返平飘式探空上升(下降)段与掩星湿温度资料具有较好的一致性,上升段TRS-TRO的均值范围为-1~1℃,下降段在13 km以下时也为-1~1℃,13 km以上增加到1~3℃。整体而言,往返平飘式探空上升(下降)段温度资料的质量较好,下降段对探空观测具有时空加密的作用,观测质量... 相似文献
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