水沙过程变异下洞庭湖系统功能的连锁响应

从作用于洞庭湖系统功能的水沙过程人手,探讨水沙过程变异下湖泊系统功能的连锁响应认为:①洞庭湖是一个由其形态系统功能、生态系统功能和服务系统功能共同维系的巨系统;②水沙条件变化导致湖盆结构变形、湖面湖容缩小、生物多样性不稳定、航运里程缩短、水环境净化能力减弱、东方田鼠与钉螺极度膨胀、鱼类捕捞产量和水资源量减少等响应现象;...     

水沙过程变化下洞庭湖区的生态效应分析

依据1951-2009年实测水文数据及多年实地考察资料,对比分析水沙过程变化对洞庭湖区生物群落及其生存环境的影响.结果表明:(1)水沙过程对生物群落及其生存环境具有多方面的生态支撑作用,水沙动态是洞庭湖生态系统的控制性变量;(2)泥沙的不断淤积,使各类植被洲滩发育与扩展,导致湖面缩小及调蓄功能减弱和天然捕捞鱼场减少;(3)各类植被洲滩相继出露和湖水位涨落交替过程,不但维系着东方田鼠种群数量及迁移的延续,还支撑着钉螺(血吸虫的中间宿主)的孳生和繁衍;(4)入湖水沙量的逐期减少,削弱了水域环境的净化能力,“四     

岳阳市地质灾害现状及防治对策

分析了岳阳市地质灾害发育与分布特征;并详细研究了其形成因素,为岳阳市地质灾害的治理和预防提供一定的依据。     

近数十年洞庭湖湖盆形态与水情的变化

现今洞庭湖由于泥沙淤积,人工围垦及水生植物滋生蔓延,湖盆形态与水文情势均发生了较大的变化。本文根据1951—1988年的水文资料和有关历史图件,测算了湖泊形态度量指标及其近数十年来的变化,重点分析了水情变化规律,同时论证了湖盆形态改变对水文情势所产生的一系列影响。     

SWH双源蒸散模型模拟效果验证及不确定性分析

SWH模型是在经典Shuttleworth-Wallace双源蒸散模型的基础上发展起来的蒸散模型。过去的研究结果表明在站点尺度上SWH模型表现出较高模拟精度,但有关模型对主要参数及驱动变量的敏感性以及模型模拟的不确定性来源等缺乏深入理解与认识。本文通过与51个陆地生态系统站点多年的蒸散观测数据对比,在季尺度、年尺度上验证了全国范围内SWH模型的模拟效果,并分析了关键参数和驱动变量对模型不确定性的贡献大小。结果表明：SWH模型在区域尺度上取得了较好的模拟效果,模拟蒸散与实测值R²均在0.75以上。模型各参数中,冠层导度估算涉及的两个参数对蒸散模拟不确定性影响较大;驱动数据中,归一化植被指数对蒸散模拟不确定性影响较大。尽管部分数据（如降水）因插补存在较大的误差,但总体上气候驱动数据对蒸散模拟的不确定性的贡献仍低于NDVI。     

湘江橘子洲防洪工程配置与景观塑造的构想

橘子洲位于长沙市境的湘江之中,自然-人文复合型旅游资源丰富,具有良好的开发前景,但丰水期江心洲淹没机率大,枯水期河滩显露时间长,在一定程度上制约了旅游业的发展.为此,在分析本洲旅游资源潜力和洪水风险性的基础上,提出了"堤-路-景"一体化防洪工程的建设构想和"一环、四轴、七区、八景"的景观布置,并从以下几方面展开思路:(1)协调好防洪占地与景观用地之间的矛盾;(2)选择防洪堤形形态,在确保防洪功能的同时,强化其"景"的功能,保证亲水性,堤形的设计与布设力求既有利于挡水、隔水,又有利于亲水.     

洞庭湖与长江水体交换能力的演变特征(英文)

By using field-survey hydrological data of the related control stations in Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River mainstream in 1951–2010, the evolution characters of water exchange abilities between the two water bodies and their response to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) from different time scales are analyzed based on their hydraulic relations. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, during July-September, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake is stronger, and in January-March, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River is stronger. Secondly, there has been an obvious inter-decadal wave on the water exchange coefficient between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River. In 1951–1958 and 1959–1968, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake was stronger, but in 2003–2010, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River has been strengthened. Thirdly, the spill-division ability of Three Outlets weakens, and the water of Dongting Lake coming from Three Outlets decreases either in typical years or under different dispatching modes of the TGR after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Furthermore, the water of Dongting Lake coming from Four Rivers takes the dominant position, which obviously enhances the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River. Fourthly, if the effect of the runoff fluctuation in the basin is not considered, the evolution characters of the exchange capacities and the exchange process between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River in different time scales are generally changed with the variation of the water exchange amount between them, although the factors influencing the water exchange capacities between them is very complex. These show that there is an in-line growth or decline relation between the river-lake water exchange ability and the river-lake water exchange amount.