浙江缙云县大洋山石鼓尖花岗岩坑穴成因

On top of Shigujian Peak (1477 m a.s.l.) of the Dayangshan Mountain in Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province, large amounts of granite pits with diameters ranging from several dozens of centimeters to around one meter and depth from 10 cm to 45 cm are found on rock surface. These pits mainly appear on the NE and SE sides, and their drainage mouths are in the same direction. The identification results through micropolariscope and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer reveal that bedrock of pits is from middle to fine-grained moyite being apt to be weathered and modified. In Dayangshan region the annual mean temperature is 9.2°C and annual precipitation is over 1700 mm. On the one hand, there always experiences a period of periglacial action with temperature oscillating near 0°C for 4 months, i.e., from December to March next year. As a consequence, the freezing-thawing cycles may be remarkable to disintegrate the bedrock. On the other hand, the windward slope of Shigujian Peak meets typhoon of over force 10 on the Beaufort scale in summer, therefore, the blowing makes suspending sands or pebbles grind in swirling form. Based on field investigation and periglacial geomorphic theory, the pits on top of Shigujian Peak are attributed to freezing-thawing of periglacial action. Meanwhile, storm and strong wind accelerate the process. Observation shows that both the actions are still undergoing and variant directions of wind are the main cause for making different shapes of the pits. Because the top of Shigujian is 1500 m lower than the present snow line, some scholars considered that “glacial pothole” formed in the Quaternary is hard to work, even though in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Foundation: Regional landform and landscape survey programme of the Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey Author: Zhu Cheng (1954–), Professor, specialized in geomorphology and the Quaternary geology.     

福建冠豸山丹霞地貌成因及旅游景观特色

福建冠豸山自晚株罗世以来经历了山间盆地形成和侏罗、白垩系巨厚砂砾岩堆积成岩阶段,新构造运动中使盆地隆升和节理发育。自第三纪以来主要经夯了４次较大幅度具掀斜性质的抬升过程。从４级夷平面的相对高差可知,第一、二次抬升之间幅度差为３４～７８．８ｍ,第二、三次抬升之间的幅度差为８１～１００ｍ,第三、四次为３８～４６ｍ。在抬升过程中,受内力挤压和四周围岩压力逐渐消失造成的卸荷作用影响,岩层出现众多深大裂隙和     

静水沉积地层中Ti含量变化对干湿环境的响应——以重庆中坝遗址为例

用XRF和ICP-AES方法,分别测出中坝遗址地层中Rb、Sr和Ti含量,结果显示Ti元素在地层中含量的变化与对应地层中指示环境干湿的Rb/Sr值变化呈显著的正相关。对比泔井河流域含Ti矿物物源和化学蚀变指数(CIA),发现地层中Ti变化与流域元素迁移集聚无本质关联;而对应地层中的TOC含量与Ti含量有对应关系,同时有机物产生的有机酸可使含Ti矿物(如钛铁矿)发生离解过程,中坝遗址地层中Ti含量变化取决于沉积环境的Eh值和有机质的分解产物。通过与其他环境指标对比后,认为在准静水沉积地层中Ti元素对干湿环境变化具有普遍指示意义。     

黑龙江省莲花山第四纪火山

本文论述了黑龙江省莲花山火山的火山景观、喷发时代、岩石学和岩石化学、构造和经济地质。根据莲花山火山石龙岩同位素测年和第四纪地层层序资料,其喷发时代属早更新世。新取得的岩石的稀土元素、微量元素、幔源包体和巨晶资料表明其岩性和五大连池相似,又略有差别。作者认为莲花山和尖山为五大连池火山往-西南的延伸。广义的五大连池火山群包括五大连池、莲花山和尖山,共21座火山锥。     

安徽蚌埠禹会村遗址4.5-4.0 ka BP龙山文化的环境考古

通过对淮河流域的安徽蚌埠禹会村典型龙山文化时期遗址的ABYT2004探方厚150 cm剖面的27个样品的磁化率、Rb/Sr、粒度和重矿晶体形态等多环境代用指标,以及遗址周围地貌形态演变的分析,结合AMS14C年代全面提取4.5-4.0 ka BP龙山文化时期的环境演变信息,探讨环境变迁对该区龙山文化发展的影响机制:(1)4500 a BP气候湿润.淮河流域处于高水位,遗址及周边被水淹没,遗址考古学文化尚未出现;(2)4500 a BP开始气候趋向干旱,淮河及其支流水位开始下降,龙山文化开始出现和发展;(3)龙山文化中后期环境开始趋向暖湿,降雨量增加,河流水位开始上涨,洪水灾害频发,至4100 a BP前后是淮河流域洪灾发生的高峰期,这是大禹治水史实的客观前提;(4)4100 a BP后的龙山文化晚期气候开始向冷干过渡,河流水位下降,遗址区农业生产受到制约,龙山文化迁移消失.     

浙江方岩丹霞地貌发育的年代、成因与特色研究

方岩丹霞地貌在大地构造上隶属于华南褶皱系构造单元,该单元在燕山运动时期,由于太平洋板块俯冲入欧亚板块之下,促使大陆边缘地壳重新活动.晚侏罗世末至早白垩世,本区构造应力场由晚侏罗世的北西-南东向挤压,转为早白垩世的北东-南西向挤压和北西-南东向的拉张,发育了永康早白垩世断坳盆地,在盆地中沉积了下白垩统永康群馆头组(K1g)、朝川组(K1c)和方岩组(K1f)地层.中生代晚期永康盆地逐渐隆升,结束了红层沉积,遭受侵蚀,方岩地区丹霞地貌密集围谷、密集方山和廊穴等青年期的地貌特点表明该区大规模的抬升发生在较近的地质年代.